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Ischemic Stroke in Cancer: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Implications for Treatment
Semin Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771270Ischemic stroke is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. The underlying mechanisms linking cancer and stroke are not completely understood. Long-standing and more recent evidence suggests that cancer-associated prothrombotic states, along with treatment-related vascular toxicity, such as with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, contribute to an increased risk of ischemic stroke in cancer patients. Novel biomarkers, including coagulation, platelet and endothelial markers, cell-free DNA, and extracellular vesicles are being investigated for their potentia...
Source: Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis - July 28, 2023 Category: Hematology Authors: Costamagna, Gianluca Navi, Babak B. Beyeler, Morin Hottinger, Andreas F. Alberio, Lorenzo Michel, Patrik Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Chemotherapy-Induced Arrhythmias
Abstract: Cardio-oncology is a subspeciality within cardiology that has developed primarily as a consequence of the cardiovascular implications of cancer and its therapeutics. Arrhythmias are increasingly recognized as an adverse feature of many chemotherapeutic agents. This relationship is poorly defined and studied in the literature compared with other side effects of chemotherapy. In this review, we appraise the published literature on arrhythmogenic consequences of chemotherapeutic agents and summarize the available evidence. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and other supraventricular tachycardias are frequently observed i...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology - October 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Invited Review Article Source Type: research

Anticoagulation of Cardiovascular Conditions in the Cancer Patient: Review of Old and New Therapies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe anticoagulation strategies for various cardiac-specific pathologies including atrial fibrillation are changing. Applying these strategies in patients with concomitant active cancer requires additional considerations. Here, we review the most recent changes in the anticoagulation management of common cardiac diseases and their application in cancer patients.Recent FindingsThere are a range of indications for therapeutic anticoagulation in cancer patients including venous thromboembolism (VTE), atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL), prosthetic heart valves, and intracardiac thrombi. Certain cancer...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - April 3, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Unusual Techniques for Preserving Surgical and Oncologic Safety in Hepatectomy of Advanced Adrenal Malignancy with Vena Cava and Liver Invasion
We report herein three cases of major hepatectomy with IVC invasion and discuss several surgical tips.Patients and MethodsFrom March 2011 to February 2014, we retrospectively reviewed three cases of adrenal malignancy with liver and IVC invasion. Based on the severity of the malignant tumor, each case illustrates a different method to address surgical complications and maintain oncologic safety. Case 1: A 34-year-old woman was diagnosed with adrenocortical tumor during medical examination. Tumor invaded the right lobe of the liver and very close to the IVC. Fortunately, there was little thrombosis inside the IVC; we perfor...
Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology - October 1, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Severe Symptoms, but a Truly Treatable Disease
​BY NOURA MAHDI; DARRON LEWIS; JEREMY OSBORNE; & AHMED RAZIUDDIN, MDA 73-year-old man was brought to the emergency department from his nursing home for rectal bleeding and anemia. The patient mentioned he had had episodes of bright red rectal bleeding and constipation for a few months. A colonoscopy had been done prior to the visit, which revealed a large intestine tumor and biopsy confirming adenocarcinoma. He was awaiting an appointment with his surgeon.The patient reported bloody rectal leakage, and a CBC done at the nursing home showed a hemoglobin level of 7.2. He also complained of dyspnea but denied any other ...
Source: The Case Files - March 20, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Blog Posts Source Type: research

Predictors of venous thromboembolism recurrence and the bleeding events identified using a Japanese healthcare database.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings obtained from healthcare database suggest predictors either for recurrent VTE and bleeding that should be considered when selecting treatment to reduce the risk of recurrent VTE and mitigate bleeding. PMID: 28245956 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Cardiology - February 24, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nakamura M, Yamada N, Oda E, Matsubayashi D, Ota K, Kobayashi M, Matsushita Y, Kaburagi J, Ibusuki K, Takita A, Iwashita M, Yamaguchi T Tags: J Cardiol Source Type: research

Vascular complications in glioma patients.
Abstract Vascular complications in patients with glioma most commonly include venous and arterial thromboembolism; however, treatment-induced vasculopathies are also problematic, especially in long-term survivors. The interactions between treatment such as radiation and chemotherapy, the coagulation cascade, endothelium, and regulators of angiogenesis are complex, drive glioma growth and invasion, and create common management problems in the clinic. We review the incidence of thrombotic complications in glioma, the biology of the coagulome as related to glioma progression, prevention and treatment of thrombosis, t...
Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer - December 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Le Rhun E, Perry JR Tags: Handb Clin Neurol Source Type: research

Ntox-08. safety of intra-arterial chemotherapy in the treatment of brain tumours
The treatment of brain tumors is greatly limited the delivery impediment caused by the blood-brain barrier and blood-tumor barrier. To circumvent this limitation, different approaches have been studied, including intra-arterial delivery. Because of a significant local increase in plasma-peak concentration, this strategy increases the local area under the curve, and translates into a 3 to 5.5 fold increase in intra-tumoral chemotherapy concentration. However, intra-arterial chemotherapy in the treatment of brain tumors has a notoriously bad name, thanks to prior trials led in past decades showing significant neurotoxicities...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fortin, D., Caux, S., Gahide, G. Tags: NEUROTOXICITY OF THERAPY Source Type: research

Vascular complications in glioma patients.
Abstract Vascular complications in patients with glioma most commonly include venous and arterial thromboembolism; however, treatment-induced vasculopathies are also problematic, especially in long-term survivors. The interactions between treatment such as radiation and chemotherapy, the coagulation cascade, endothelium, and regulators of angiogenesis are complex, drive glioma growth and invasion, and create common management problems in the clinic. We review the incidence of thrombotic complications in glioma, the biology of the coagulome as related to glioma progression, prevention and treatment of thrombosis, t...
Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer - March 9, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Le Rhun E, Perry JR Tags: Handb Clin Neurol Source Type: research

Chapter 15 Vascular complications in glioma patients
Publication date: 2016 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 134 Author(s): Emilie Le Rhun, James R. Perry Vascular complications in patients with glioma most commonly include venous and arterial thromboembolism; however, treatment-induced vasculopathies are also problematic, especially in long-term survivors. The interactions between treatment such as radiation and chemotherapy, the coagulation cascade, endothelium, and regulators of angiogenesis are complex, drive glioma growth and invasion, and create common management problems in the clinic. We review the incidence of thrombotic complications in glioma, the...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - March 4, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: Heparin may have a small effect on mortality at 12 months and 24 months. It is associated with a reduction in venous thromboembolism and a likely increase in minor bleeding. Future research should further investigate the survival benefit of different types of anticoagulants in patients with different types and stages of cancer. The decision for a patient with cancer to start heparin therapy for survival benefit should balance the benefits and downsides, and should integrate the patient's values and preferences. PMID: 25491949 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 10, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Akl EA, Kahale LA, Ballout RA, Barba M, Yosuico VE, van Doormaal FF, Middeldorp S, Bryant A, Schünemann H Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Fatal Embolic Stroke Due to Non-Atherothrombotic Mobile Thrombi in the Carotid Artery during Gastric Cancer Chemotherapy: An Autopsy Case Report (P01.255)
CONCLUSIONS: Multiple etiologies for ischemic stroke may exist in cancer patients. A mobile thrombus in the carotid artery should be considered as a possible mechanism for arteriogenic stroke in the clinical settings of malignancy with hypercoagulability. Doppler ultrasonography is the most practical tool to identify these conditions.Disclosure: Dr. Yamada has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yoneda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arakawa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adachi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gotoh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Takagi has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - February 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Yamada, A., Yoneda, J., Arakawa, C., Adachi, T., Gotoh, J., Takagi, M. Tags: P01 Cerebrovascular Disease I Source Type: research