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Cancer: Brain Cancers
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Total 70 results found since Jan 2013.

A HIF-independent, CD133-mediated mechanism of cisplatin resistance in glioblastoma cells
ConclusionsFrom our data we conclude that the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced CD133-mediated cisplatin resistance may be instrumental for the design of new GBM treatment strategies.
Source: Cellular Oncology - February 28, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Retinoic acid promotes stem cell differentiation and embryonic development by transcriptionally activating CFTR
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018 Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research Author(s): Xiaofeng Li, Kin Lam Fok, Jinghui Guo, Yan Wang, Zhenqing Liu, Ziyi Chen, Chengdong Wang, Ye Chun Ruan, Sidney Siubun Yu, Hui Zhao, Ji Wu, Xiaohua Jiang, Hsiao Chang Chan Retinoic acid (RA) plays a pivotal role in many cellular processes; however, the signaling mechanisms mediating the effect of RA are not fully understood. Here, we show that RA transcriptionally upregulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) by promoting the direct binding of its receptor RARα to Cftr ...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular Cell Research - January 9, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Retinoic acid promotes stem cell differentiation and embryonic development by transcriptionally activating CFTR.
Abstract Retinoic acid (RA) plays a pivotal role in many cellular processes; however, the signaling mechanisms mediating the effect of RA are not fully understood. Here, we show that RA transcriptionally upregulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) by promoting the direct binding of its receptor RARα to Cftr promoter in mouse spermatogonia and embryonic stem (ES) cells. The RA/CFTR pathway is involved in the differentiation of spermatogonia and organogenesis during the embryo development of Xenopus laevis. Loss of CFTR by siRNA-mediated knockdown blunts the RA-induced spermatogonial diff...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - January 8, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li X, Fok KL, Guo J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Chen Z, Wang C, Ruan YC, Yu SS, Zhao H, Wu J, Jiang X, Chan HC Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Downregulation of mitochondrial UQCRB inhibits cancer stem cell-like properties in glioblastoma.
Abstract Glioblastoma stem cell targeted therapies have become a powerful strategy for the treatment of this deadliest brain tumor. We demonstrate for the first time that downregulation of mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein (UQCRB) inhibits the cancer stem cell-like properties in human glioblastoma cells. The synthetic small molecules targeting UQCRB significantly suppressed not only the self-renewal capacity such as growth and neurosphere formation, but also the metastatic potential such as migration and invasion of glioblastoma stem‑like cells (GSCs) derived from U87MG and U373MG a...
Source: International Journal of Oncology - November 6, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jung N, Kwon HJ, Jung HJ Tags: Int J Oncol Source Type: research

Glioblastoma and glioblastoma stem cells are dependent on functional MTH1.
In conclusion, MTH1 represents a promising target for GBM therapy and MTH1 inhibitors may also be effective in patients that suffer from recurring disease. PMID: 28753575 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Oncotarget - July 29, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Silencing of ATM expression by siRNA technique contributes to glioma stem cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo.
In conclusion, silencing of ATM via the siRNA technique improved radiosensitivity of GSCs both in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 28560406 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Oncology Reports - June 2, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncol Rep Source Type: research

Functional analysis of the DEPDC1 oncoantigen in malignant glioma and brain tumor initiating cells
AbstractDEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) is a novel oncoantigen expressed in cancer cells, which presents oncogenic activity and high immunogenicity. Although DEPDC1 has been predicted to be a useful antigen for the development of a cancer vaccine, its pathophysiological roles in glioma have not been investigated. Here, we analyzed the expression and function of DEPDC1 in malignant glioma. DEPDC1 expression in glioma cell lines, glioma tissues, and brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) was assessed by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effect of DEPDC1 downregulation on cell growth and nuclea...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - May 29, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Protein kinase CK2 is important for the function of glioblastoma brain tumor initiating cells
In this study, the role of CK2 signaling in BTIC function was examined. We found that expression of CK2α was increased in CD133+ BTICs compared to CD133− cells within the same GBM xenolines. Treatment with CX-4945, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CK2, led to reduced expression of Sox2 and Nestin, transcription factors important for the maintenance of stem cells. Similarly, inhibition of CK2 also reduced the frequency of CD133+ BTICs over the course of 7 days, indicating a role for CK2 in BTIC persistence and survival. Importantly, using an in vitro limiting dilution assay, we found that inhibition of CK2 kinase activity...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - February 7, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

TGFβ‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell‐surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBR...
Source: Stem Cells - July 3, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Lualhati E. Harkins, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Steven Rostad, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cell Source Type: research

TGF β‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell‐surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBR...
Source: Stem Cells - July 3, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Lualhati E. Harkins, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Steven Rostad, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cell Source Type: research

TGFβ‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in GBM
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Targeted proteomic analyses revealed elevated expressions of transmembrane proteins HMOX1 and SLC16A1 on the surface of glioblastoma cancer stem cells (CSCs) relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). In the hypoxic region of the tumor, these proteins were found to be expressed among pseudopalisading glioma cells that also express known stem cell factors. From biological assays that are known to evaluate stemness, HMOX1 expression was found to be associated with stemness that could be regulated through TGFβ and PTEN signaling networks. Additionally, siRNA me...
Source: Stem Cells - June 28, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research

Abstract C26: Development of selective MELK kinase inhibitors for breast cancer treatment
In this study, we are reporting development of a series of selective MELK kinase inhibitors. Synthesized compounds exert excellent selectivity and potency in MELK inhibition in a low nanomolar range. Therapeutic effect of the compounds was investigated in the panel of breast cancer cell lines with different genetic background as well as with different MELK kinase levels; it was shown that for some cell lines compounds induced cell death with nanomolar ED50 values. The compound's effect on the proliferation and in the colony formation assay was also investigated. Taken altogether, the presented data supports our rationale o...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kowalczyk, P., Węgrzyn, P., Prokopowicz, M., Knop, M., Mazur, K., Dziedzic, K., Gluza, K., Knop, M., Dziedzic, K., Mazur, K., Radzimierski, A., Commandeur, C., Zawadzka, M., Bloudoff, K., Vaillancourt, F., Larsen, N., Wang, J., Reynolds, D., Ito, D Tags: Cancer Stem Cells: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract A02: Identification of distinct BUB1B-sensitive and -resistant subtypes of glioblastoma with prognostic value
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive and common form of brain cancer in adults. The combined analysis of functional genetics with glioblastoma (GBM) network modeling identified BUB1B, a critical mitotic spindle checkpoint player, as a new requirement of glioblastoma tumors to suppress lethal consequences of altered kinetochore (KT) (1). Here, we further collected GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) including both BUB1B-sensitive and -resistant isolates, and performed whole-transcriptome sequencing that capture gene expression levels of each GSC. Based on the expression signature associated with BUB1B-sensitiveness from GS...
Source: Cancer Research - December 9, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lee, E., Paddison, P. J., Zhu, J. Tags: Computational Genomics and Evolutionary Dynamics Source Type: research

Abstract B26: MAPK-interacting kinase inhibition sensitizes glioblastoma and glioma stem cells to arsenic trioxide
In this study, we sought to determine the mechanisms by which MNK signaling regulates arsenic trioxide responses in GBM and glioma stem cells.GBM cell lines were treated with ATO in the presence or absence of MNK inhibitors or siRNA against MNK isoforms. Western blots of treated samples were analyzed with antibodies against phosphorylated eIF4E, the key downstream effector of the MNKs. Following treatment with ATO and MNK inhibitors, proliferation rate and apoptosis were determined by WST-1 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. GBM cell lines were grown under stem cell conditions and subjected to qPCR and flow cytometry to...
Source: Cancer Research - December 9, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bell, J. B., Eckerdt, F., Arslan, A. D., Iqbal, A., Alvarez, A. A., Cheng, S.-Y., Nakano, I., Platanias, L. C. Tags: Preclinical Therapeutics/Trials/Models Source Type: research

Abstract 2082: Control and function of the PROX1 transcription factor in malignant glioma
We present experimental evidence showing that PROX1 induces p27. By regulating p27, PROX1 may block the activity of Cdk2/Cyclin E complex, and thus inhibit cell cycle progression. The functional consequences of PROX1 expression on the stemness, migration, and invasion phenotypes of glioma cells remain to be further investigated and preliminary results will be presented.Citation Format: Kaveh M. Goudarzi, Tamador Elsir, Monica Nistér, Mikael S. Lindström. Control and function of the PROX1 transcription factor in malignant glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cance...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Goudarzi, K. M., Elsir, T., Nister, M., Lindstrom, M. S. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research