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Cancer: Leukemia

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Validated Instruments of Quality of Life (QOL) in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Other Cancers
ConclusionAlthough several QOL instruments have been validated, more research is needed to determine the most clinically useful instruments in patients with AML.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - July 23, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Prognostic models for newly-diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the large number of published studies of prognostic models for OS, PFS or TFS for newly-diagnosed, untreated adults with CLL, only a minority of these (N = 12) have been externally validated for their respective primary outcome. Three models have undergone sufficient external validation to enable meta-analysis of the model's ability to predict survival outcomes. Lack of reporting prevented us from summarising calibration as recommended. Of the three models, the CLL-IPI shows the best discrimination, despite overestimation. However, performance of the models may change for individuals with CLL who recei...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 30, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Kreuzberger N, Damen JA, Trivella M, Estcourt LJ, Aldin A, Umlauff L, Vazquez-Montes MD, Wolff R, Moons KG, Monsef I, Foroutan F, Kreuzer KA, Skoetz N Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Tisagenlecleucel in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Review of the Literature and Practical Considerations.
CONCLUSIONS: As the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved gene therapy, tisagenlecleucel heralds an immunotherapeutic breakthrough for treating pediatric and young adult patients with r/r B-cell ALL. Many questions surrounding patient-specific gene and cellular therapies remain, but their transformative potential in cancer care remains promising. PMID: 32762363 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - August 6, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Halford Z, Anderson MK, Bennett LL, Moody J Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

Prevalence of leukoencephalopathy and its potential cognitive sequelae in cancer patients.
In conclusion, leukoencephalopathy is well-documented for ALL patients (with a focus on methotrexate), but there is a lack of knowledge for other intravenous chemotherapeutics, other oncological populations, wider age ranges and possible risk factors (e.g. history of CNS event). Furthermore, the long-term neuropsychological impact and potential risk for neurodegenerative processes due to leukoencephalopathy remains inconclusive. Hence, large international databanks, epidemiological and prospective case-control studies are necessary to stratify risk groups for CNS-related side effects. PMID: 32799637 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Chemotherapy - August 19, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: J Chemother Source Type: research

Early life ionizing radiation exposure and cancer risks: systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionCT exposure in childhood appears to be associated with increased risk of cancer while no significant association was observed with diagnostic radiographs.
Source: Pediatric Radiology - September 9, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Prophylaxis of thromboembolism during therapy with asparaginase in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
CONCLUSIONS: We do not know from the currently available evidence, if thromboprophylaxis used for adults with ALL treated according to asparaginase-based regimens is associated with clinically appreciable benefits and acceptable harms. The existing research on this question is solely of non-randomised design, seriously to critically confounded, and underpowered with substantial imprecision. Any estimates of effect based on the existing insufficient evidence is very uncertain and is likely to change with future research. PMID: 33038027 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 10, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Rank CU, Lynggaard LS, Als-Nielsen B, Stock W, Toft N, Nielsen OJ, Frandsen TL, Tuckuviene R, Schmiegelow K Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Vocal Fold Motion Impairment Following Chemotherapy Administration: Case Reports and Review of the Literature.
CONCLUSIONS: CIVFMI has potential for airway complications requiring surgical intervention. Spontaneous resolution after cessation of the offending agent is the most likely outcome. Bilateral CIVFMI, dysphagia and vocal fold immobility are more common in the pediatric population. PMID: 33501843 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology - January 27, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Talmor G, Nguyen B, Geller MT, Hsu J, Kaye R, Caloway C Tags: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Source Type: research

Genomics and transcriptomics in veterinary oncology
Oncol Lett. 2021 Apr;21(4):336. doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.12597. Epub 2021 Feb 26.ABSTRACTThe sequencing of the canine genome, combined with additional genomic technologies, has created opportunities for research linking veterinary genomics with naturally occurring cancer in dogs. Also, as numerous canine cancers have features in common with human cancers, comparative studies can be performed to evaluate the use of cancers in dogs as models for human cancer. There have been several reviews of veterinary genomics but, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature of canine cancer genomics...
Source: Oncology Letters - March 11, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bridget Marie Harrison Panayiotis Loukopoulos Source Type: research

An evaluation of venetoclax in combination with azacitidine, decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine as therapy for acute myeloid leukemia
Expert Rev Hematol. 2021 Jun 2. doi: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1938533. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ineligible for conventional chemotherapy have historically received low-intensity treatments, if any, and have had dismal outcomes. Recent phase III data have demonstrated significant efficacy of venetoclax-based combinations and have begun to address the unmet need in this patient population. As venetoclax-based combinations become increasingly used in the clinical setting, it is important to understand their development, current use, and future directions.AREAS C...
Source: Expert Review of Hematology - June 2, 2021 Category: Hematology Authors: Tamer A Othman Matthew E Tenold Benjamin N Moskoff Tali Azenkot Brian A Jonas Source Type: research