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Periostin in Allergy and Inflammation
Matricellular proteins are involved in the crosstalk between cells and their environment and thus play an important role in allergic and inflammatory reactions. Periostin, a matricellular protein, has several documented and multi-faceted roles in health and disease. It is differentially expressed, usually upregulated, in allergic conditions, a variety of inflammatory diseases as well as in cancer and contributes to the development and progression of these diseases. Periostin has also been shown to influence tissue remodelling, fibrosis, regeneration and repair. In allergic reactions periostin is involved in type 2 immunity...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 27, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Current Clinical Trials in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid
Conclusions The clinical trials discussed here, which include several trials investigating novel therapeutic targets, demonstrate that translational research in pemphigus and pemphigoid is a fast-growing field. We thus expect that several novel treatments will be shortly available for the treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid patients. Given the high, and thus far unmet, medical need in this field (110), this is highly encouraging and will hopefully improve the quality of life of the affected patients. In addition to the compounds and targets described here, several new targets have been recently identified in preclinical...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Human Gut-Associated Natural Killer Cells in Health and Disease
Alessandro Poggi1*, Roberto Benelli2, Roberta Venè1, Delfina Costa1, Nicoletta Ferrari1, Francesca Tosetti1 and Maria Raffaella Zocchi3 1Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 2Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 3Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, they can recognize molecules induced at the cell surface by stress signals...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Editorial: Shaping of Human Immune System and Metabolic Processes by Viruses and Microorganisms
Conclusions In conclusion, articles in this Research Topic made a very significant contribution to our understanding of the role played by environmental factors, dysbiotic conditions, and infections in triggering diseases. Since this is a rapidly expanding area of research, many other factors contributing to the onset of these diseases are not covered here. We are confident, however, that further studies will expand the list as well as bring a better understanding of mechanisms involved in the onset of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Author Contributions All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and i...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

BET Bromodomain Inhibitor iBET151 Impedes Human ILC2 Activation and Prevents Experimental Allergic Lung Inflammation
This study was supported by grants from GSK and the UK Medical Research Council (U105178805). Conflict of Interest Statement AM has grant funding from GSK and AstraZeneca/MedImmune. MB, DJ, AP, DT, and AvO are employees of GSK. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to the Ares staff, genotyping facility, and flow cytometry core for their technical assistance. We thank Jen Walker for advice on the manuscript. Supplementary Material The Supplem...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Pivotal Role of Regulatory T Cells in the Regulation of Innate Immune Cells
This study was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Manitoba Health Research Council. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References 1. Sprent J, Kishimoto H. The thymus and central tolerance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. (2001) 356:609–16. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0846 PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar 2. Sakaguchi S, Wing K, Miyara M. Regulatory T cells - a brief history and perspective...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Potential Role of T Helper Cell 22 and IL-22 in Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Conclusion Recent evidence shows changes in frequency and function of Th22 and its cytokine IL-22 in patients with MS, which suggests a potential relationship between Th22 cells, IL-22 levels, and the development and disease course of MS and its response to treatment. How Th22 cells and IL-22 levels affect the disease course of MS requires further elucidation. Additional studies on the immunopathogenesis of MS, specifically the roles Th22 cells and IL-22 cytokines may play in disease progression, are warranted and may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for treating neuro-inflammatory diseases, such as MS...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - August 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Current Issue Demyelinating Disease Genetics Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Review interleukin-22 T helper 22 Source Type: research

Evaluation of micronuclear frequencies in both circulating lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells of patients with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid contact reactions
ConclusionsMN scores do not distinguish OLP from OLCR when using buccal smears but significant differences were observed in peripheral lymphocytes. OLP and OLCR both demonstrated significantly higher MN frequencies in both buccal and circulating lymphocytes cells, compared with healthy controls. MN assesment in both buccal epithelial cells and circulating lymphocytes may serve as a potential biomarker tool for evaluating any cancer risk in OLP and OLCR.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Oral Diseases - July 31, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: A. Saruhanoğlu, S. Ergun, M. Kaya, S. Warnakulasuriya, M. Erbağcı, Ş. Öztürk, E. Deniz, S. Özel, K. Çefle, Ş. Palanduz, H. Tanyeri Tags: Original Article Source Type: research