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Sports Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Athletes
No abstract available (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 10, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Treatment Perspectives Based on Our Current Understanding of Concussion
Sports-related concussion also referred to in the literature as mild traumatic brain injury remains a popular area of study for physicians, neurologists, neuropsychologists, neuroimaging, athletic trainers, and researchers across the other areas of brain sciences. Treatment for concussion is an emerging area of focus with investigators seeking to improve outcomes and protect patients from the deleterious short-term and long-term consequences which have been extensively studied and identified. Broadly, current treatment strategies for athletes recovering from concussion have remained largely unchanged since early 2000s. Kno...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 3, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Concussion Management in the Collegiate Athlete
Concussions have always been common in sports, but the awareness and associated diagnosis of the condition have been trending upward, gaining significant attention through medical literature, news media, and entertainment. Concussion management in the collegiate athlete is of specific concern, as over 460,000 young adults compete in collegiate athletics annually. The NCAA and other groups have strived to provide consensus guidelines, but many student-athletes still are not being managed as recommended. The return to play process should begin only after a student-athlete is symptom free and has returned to his or her baseli...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 3, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-concussion Syndrome: Treatment and Related Sequela for Persistent Symptomatic Disease
Sport-related concussion typically resolves within a few weeks of the injury; however, persistent symptoms have been reported to occur in 10% to 15% of concussions. These ongoing symptoms can cause significant disability and be frustrating for the patient and family. In addition, factors other than brain injury can cause complications for these patients, such as adjustment disorder or exacerbation of preexisting conditions such as depression or migraine. Individuals with prolonged symptoms of concussion may be classified as having post-concussion syndrome. A careful and thoughtful evaluation is important, as the clinician ...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 3, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Neuropsychological Testing in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: What to Do When Baseline Testing Is Not Available
Barth and colleagues’ seminal study using baseline neuropsychological testing as a model for sports concussion management serves as the template for many collegiate sports medicine programs. However, there remains a significant need for an evidence-based strategy in cases where no baseline testing has been conducted. In this article, we further articulate such a model based on work with athletes at our Division I university. The foundation of the model involves base rates of impairment in a typical neurocognitive sports concussion battery, with decision rules that differ slightly for males and females. There is flexibili...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 3, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Potential Blood-based Biomarkers for Concussion
Mounting research in the field of sports concussion biomarkers has led to a greater understanding of the effects of brain injury from sports. A recent systematic review of clinical studies examining biomarkers of brain injury following sports-related concussion established that almost all studies have been published either in or after the year 2000. In an effort to prevent chronic traumatic encephalopathy and long-term consequences of concussion, early diagnostic and prognostic tools are becoming increasingly important; particularly in sports and in military personnel, where concussions are common occurrences. Early and ta...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 3, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Biomechanical Perspectives on Concussion in Sport
Concussions can occur in any sport. Often, clinical and biomechanical research efforts are disconnected. This review paper analyzes current concussion issues in sports from a biomechanical perspective and is geared toward Sports Med professionals. Overarching themes of this review include the biomechanics of the brain during head impact, role of protective equipment, potential population-based differences in concussion tolerance, potential intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of injury, and common biomechanical misconceptions. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 3, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Athletic Head Trauma
No abstract available (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 3, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Structural Neuroimaging Findings in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Common neuroimaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including sport-related concussion (SRC), are reviewed based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Common abnormalities radiologically identified on the day of injury, typically a computed tomographic scan, are in the form of contusions, small subarachnoid or intraparenchymal hemorrhages as well as subdural and epidural collections, edema, and skull fractures. Common follow-up neuroimaging findings with MRI include white matter hyperintensities, hypointense signal abnormalities that reflect prior hemorrhage, focal encephalomalacia, p...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 3, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Digital Exclusives Source Type: research

Evolution of Sports-related Headgear
The major focus of this review is to establish concussion in sport as a silent epidemic in our society that is not an accident. Brain injury has a definitive pattern and distinct nonrandom predictable characteristic. The development of successful head protection requires a scientific database approach to the mechanics of headgear. It is the responsibility of the health care clinician to help with the maintenance of protective standards for headgear and support rule changes to decrease the morbidity and mortality of athletes. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 3, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Digital Exclusives Source Type: research

Considerations in Evaluating Treatment Options for Patellofemoral Cartilage Pathology
Patellofemoral (PF) pain, a subset of anterior knee pain, presents a particularly challenging diagnosis due to the multifactorial etiology. Within this group, assigning the patient’s symptoms to a patellofemoral cartilage lesion is indirect; that is, a diagnosis by exclusion as hyaline cartilage is aneural. In addition, these PF compartment lesions are often in conjunction with various comorbidities, for example, malalignment and/or instability. In light of these factors and the high shear and compression stresses at the PF compartment, patellar and trochlear chondral lesions require unique treatment considerations from ...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - May 4, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Past, Present, and Future
Focal cartilage defects of the knee are relatively common and may increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) aims to restore the integrity of isolated cartilage lesions through the induction of hyaline-like cartilage formation. Although ACI has traditionally been used as a second-line treatment, recent evidence suggests that ACI should be considered as a first-line treatment option in certain patients. Recent controlled trials also suggest that there are improved clinical outcomes among those patients who undergo ACI over the mid-term and long-term compared with those treated ...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - May 4, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee
The technique of osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation has been used to treat a wide spectrum of cartilage deficiencies in the knee. Its use has been supported by basic science and clinical studies that show it is a safe and effective treatment option. What sets fresh OCA transplantation apart from other cartilage procedures in the knee, is the ability to treat large defects with mature hyaline cartilage. Studies looking at transplantation of fresh OCAs in the general population have shown reliable pain relief and return to activities of daily living. Reports of cartilage injuries in athletes have risen over the ye...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - May 4, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation: A Review of the Surgical Technique and Outcomes
Isolated chondral and osteochondral defects of the knee are challenging clinical entities, particularly in younger patients. Cartilage treatment strategies have previously been characterized as palliation (ie, chondroplasty and debridement), repair (ie, drilling and microfracture), or restoration (ie, autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral autograft, and osteochondral allograft). The osteochondral autograft transplantation procedure allows defects to be filled immediately with mature, hyaline articular cartilage by utilizing either an arthroscopic or a mini-open procedure. Graft harvest and placement can be tec...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - May 4, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Platelet-rich Plasma and Bone Marrow–derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Sports Medicine
Regenerative medicine is a fast-growing field in orthopedic sports medicine. Platelet-rich plasma contains multiple factors that have been shown to augment healing, thereby stimulating its use in multiple areas of acute and chronic injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells have pluripotent potential to form into tissues pertinent to orthopedics, such as cartilage and bone. As such, there is been a surge in the research directed toward steering those stem cells into a particular lineage as part of treatment for a variety of soft-tissue, cartilage, and bone pathologies. Overall, there are promising reports of their potential success,...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - May 4, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research