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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Hip Arthroscopy Correlations
The hip is a complex joint which commonly generates referrals to orthoaedic surgeons. Hip arthroscopy continues to expand its indications for addressing hip pathology. Before operative intervention, the appropriate information must be obtained with magnetic resonance imaging playing a significant role in the workup given its outstanding characterization of soft tissue anatomy. We attempt to highlight multiple hip findings to correlate intraoperative arthroscopic findings with specific magnetic resonance imaging images and sequences. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 3, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

MRI and Arthroscopic Correlation of the Wrist
Since its introduction in 1979, the practice of and indications for wrist arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pathologic conditions in the wrist continues to grow. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another commonly used tool to noninvasively examine the anatomy and pathology of the wrist joint. Here, we review the normal wrist anatomy as seen arthroscopically and through MRI. We then examine the various common pathologic entities and define both the arthroscopic findings and correlated MRI findings in each of these states. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 3, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Correlation of MRI to Arthroscopy in the Elbow: Thrower’s Elbow and Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury
One cannot overstate the importance of a thorough history and physical examination, supplemented with directed imaging, to help pinpoint the exact cause of the athlete’s elbow pain. Although plain radiographs should not be overlooked, advanced imaging plays a critical role in diagnosis and management of pathology in the thrower’s elbow, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and stress ultrasound. By judiciously combining these elements, the clinician can appropriately manage these injuries in order to successfully return the athlete to their preinjury level of play. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 3, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

MRI to Arthroscopy Correlations in SLAP Lesions and Long Head Biceps Pathology
Superior labral anterior and posterior lesions and long head biceps injury are 2 common sources of shoulder pain. The presenting complaints and physical examination findings for these etiologies are often nonspecific, making diagnosis challenging. Further complicating their diagnoses, these 2 pathologies often cooccur together or with other shoulder pathologies such as subacromial bursitis, rotator cuff tear, and shoulder instability. However, with advancement in magnetic resonance imaging and shoulder arthroscopy techniques the ability to diagnose and treat these pathologies has vastly improved over the past 30 years. Thi...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 3, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arthroscopic Correlation in Shoulder Instability
The shoulder is the most inherently unstable joint in the body, prone to high rates of anterior dislocations with subsequent injuries to soft tissue and bony stabilizing structures, resulting in recurrent shoulder instability. Advanced imaging utilizing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrography allows for thorough evaluation of lesions present in the unstable shoulder and is critical for preoperative planning. Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization in the appropriately selected patient can help restore stability and function. This review highlights correlations between MR imaging and arthroscopy of the most commonly...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 3, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

MRI-Arthroscopy Correlation of the Rotator Cuff: A Case-based Review
The objective of this article is to review the basic principles and pearls of MRI-arthroscopy correlation of the rotator cuff through an overview of our approach to reading shoulder MRI followed by a case-based review of selected conditions. By understanding and comparing the subtleties of these modalities, radiologists and clinicians can better appreciate both the utility and limitations of MRI in predicting operative findings. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 3, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

MRI Arthroscopy Correlations: Introduction
No abstract available (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 3, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Anterior Glenohumeral Instability
This article discusses the natural history, pathologic morphologic changes of the shoulder joint associated with anterior instability along with normal anatomic variants. We will also discuss current treatment recommendations and possible causes of the patient with recurrent instability despite prior stabilization procedures. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 9, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

History and Physical Examination for Shoulder Instability
Glenohumeral instability frequently occurs in young active individuals especially those engaged in athletic and military activities. With advanced imaging and arthroscopic evaluation, our understanding of the injury patterns associated with instability has significantly improved. The majority of instability results from a traumatic anterior event which presents with common findings in the history, examination, and imaging studies. As such, a comprehensive evaluation of the patient is important to correctly diagnose the instability patterns and thus provide appropriate treatment intervention. With the correct diagnosis and ...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 9, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

The Epidemiology of Glenohumeral Joint Instability: Incidence, Burden, and Long-term Consequences
Acute traumatic glenohumeral joint instability is common within the general population and endemic in young athletes and physically active populations. Individuals who experience acute traumatic glenohumeral joint instability events are at high risk of recurrent injury. In addition, glenohumeral joint instability results in substantial short-term and long-term consequences, including significant time loss from activity, degenerative joint changes, and reduced quality of life. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology of glenohumeral joint instability, reviews the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for gle...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 9, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Posterior Shoulder Instability
Posterior shoulder instability is a relatively uncommon condition, occurring in ∼10% of those with shoulder instability. Because of the rarity of the condition and the lack of knowledge in treatment, it is often misdiagnosed or patients experience a delay in diagnosis. Posterior instability typically affects athletes participating in contact or overhead sports and is usually the result of repetitive microtrauma or blunt force with the shoulder in the provocative position of flexion, adduction, and internal rotation, leading to recurrent subluxation events. Acute traumatic posterior dislocations are rare injuries with an ...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 9, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Bone Loss and Glenohumeral Instability
Glenohumeral instability secondary to glenohumeral bone loss presents a complex problem to the treating surgeon because of the complex biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint and its reliance on numerous dynamic and static stabilizers. The role of glenoid bone loss, specifically inferior-anterior glenoid bone loss, has been well characterized in the setting of recurrent unidirectional instability with greatly improved clinical results when following an algorithmic reconstructive approach to the location and percentage of overall bone loss. Furthermore, as the role of bipolar bone loss in the setting of glenohumeral engageme...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 9, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Recurrent Shoulder Instability After Primary Bankart Repair
The glenohumeral joint is one of the most frequently dislocated joints and occurs with increasing frequency in collision and contact athletes, especially those in sports that repeatedly place the glenohumeral joint in a position of vulnerability. Nonoperative management of shoulder instability especially in young contact athletes results in unacceptably high recurrence rates; thus, early surgical stabilization has become commonplace. Surgical stabilization typically yields acceptable outcomes. However, recurrent anterior instability may occur following a previous stabilization procedure at rates of 7% to 12%. Recurrent gle...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 9, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Glenohumeral Instability Related to Special Conditions: SLAP Tears, Pan-labral Tears, and Multidirectional Instability
Glenohumeral instability is one of the more common conditions seen by sports medicine physicians, especially in young, active athletes. The associated anatomy of the glenohumeral joint (the shallow nature of the glenoid and the increased motion it allows) make the shoulder more prone to instability events as compared with other joints. Although traumatic dislocations or instability events associated with acute labral tears (ie, Bankart lesions) are well described in the literature, there exists other special shoulder conditions that are also associated with shoulder instability: superior labrum anterior/posterior (SLAP) te...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 9, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Digital Exclusive Source Type: research

Rehabilitation Following Surgery for Glenohumeral Instability
Shoulder dislocation and subsequent instability is a common problem in young athletes. Though it is not uncommon to attempt nonoperative rehabilitation in the early going, reinjury rates are high, particularly with contact sport athletes. As a result, many athletes will undergo a primary repair of one, or multiple, glenohumeral ligaments that make up the anterior shoulder capsule. This paper presents phases of rehabilitation from the preoperative stage up to returning to play. Criteria for phase progression are included, along with examples of common exercises and themes for each phase that allow the physical therapist to ...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 9, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Article Source Type: research