Treatment of ACL Tears in the Skeletally Immature Patient
The understanding and treatment of anterior cruciate ligament tears in skeletally immature patients continues to evolve. While conservative management was a mainstay of treatment, poor outcomes have led to several surgical techniques aimed at stabilizing the knee, optimizing outcome, and minimizing the chance of growth disturbance. Current techniques have, in large part, accomplished these goals but challenges remain. Looking to the future, different graft options, primary repair techniques, and rigorous prospective studies will help improve outcomes for this challenging patient population. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 6, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Knee Dislocation and Multiple Ligament Injuries of the Knee
The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the progress in treatment of knee dislocations and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-based multiple ligament knee injuries over the past 25 years. The perspectives of where we were 25 years ago, where we are today, and where we will be in the future will be explored. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 6, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

25th Year Celebration: Top Procedures in Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy
No abstract available (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - November 6, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Allograft Use in Shoulder Surgery: Instability and Rotator Cuff
Shoulder instability and rotator cuff pathology can provide a challenging problem, especially in the revision setting. Allograft use in primary or revision surgical intervention for shoulder instability and rotator cuff tear may be a valuable resource. This paper reviews allograft tissue use in shoulder surgery for instability and rotator cuff tear. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Long Head of Biceps Injury: Treatment Options and Decision Making
The long head of the biceps brachii is a well-known “pain generator” in the shoulder. Biceps tendinitis, instability, and rupture encompass the majority of symptomatic lesions. Clinical diagnosis, particularly of biceps tendinitis, can be difficult, given the nonspecific physical examination findings. Treatment options are initially nonoperative, with surgical management reserved for specific presentations or refractory cases. In recent years, biceps tenodesis and tenotomy have become the mainstays of operative treatment. Management of biceps lesions must also involve consideration of other shoulder pathology, as they ...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Options for Failed Rotator Cuff Repair
Failed rotator cuff repairs can pose a clinical challenge to the treating orthopedic surgeon. There are many nonsurgical and surgical options available to address the failed rotator cuff repair. Surgical options include revising the primary repair, partial or nonanatomic repair, tendon transfer, biological augmentation or use of tissue-engineered grafts for reconstruction, or total joint arthroplasty (typically with a modern reverse total shoulder arthroplasty system). The treating surgeon must assess the patient’s functional status, health status, and expectations in order to customize the appropriate treatment plan for...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Rotator Cuff Disease: Treatment Options and Considerations
Rotator cuff disease encompasses a broad spectrum of injury and pathology with an increasing incidence with age. Pain with overhead activity, localizing to the deltoid region, and loss of active range of motion of the shoulder are among the most common presenting symptoms. Treatment options are dependent on the extent of disease and patient symptoms, and may range from physical therapy to surgical repair using a variety of possible techniques. Tear thickness, size, and morphology frequently dictate the repair techniques that are used, such as margin convergence, anterior and posterior interval slides, and mobilization of t...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Treatment of Articular Cartilage Injuries in the Glenohumeral Joint
Articular cartilage injuries in the glenohumeral joint present a unique and difficult problem for the patient and surgeon alike. Various etiologies exist for the development of these cartilage lesions; therefore, treatment options are vast and must be chosen thoughtfully, especially in the young, active patient. Across all treatment modalities, the goal is for the patient to regain lasting function and mobility while decreasing pain. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Multidirectional Instability of the Shoulder: Treatment Options and Considerations
Multidirectional instability (MDI) is a debilitating condition that involves chronic subluxation or dislocation of the shoulder in>1 direction. Numerous proposed mechanisms of MDI exist, which occurs in the setting of redundant capsular tissue. Symptoms can range from recurrent dislocations or subluxations to vague aching pain that disrupts activities of daily living. Magnetic resonance imaging is often performed during evaluation of this condition, although magnetic resonance arthrography may provide more detailed images of the patulous capsule. In the absence of a well-defined traumatic cause, such as a labral tear, init...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Traumatic Instability: Treatment Options and Considerations for Recurrent Posttraumatic Instability
Recurrent traumatic glenohumeral instability is a complex problem with multiple variables to consider, but patient demographics, activities, as well as clinical and radiographic findings provide significant information to help choose the best treatment option. Although nonoperative treatment is a viable option for primary glenohumeral instability and in-season instability, recurrent instability exhibits anatomic factors which render nonsurgical treatment limited in scope. A proper patient history, clinical examination, and standard and advanced imaging are necessary in the assessment of patients with recurrent traumatic in...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Traumatic Anterior Instability: Treatment Options for Initial Instability
Because of the lack of bony restraints and minimal articular contact, the glenohumeral joint can attain significant range of motion; however, this results in the propensity for instability. The most generic form of instability, traumatic anterior instability, reliably produces a series of pathoanatomic findings. While reliable, these findings contribute to the complexities of caring for patients after an initial instability event. Numerous studies have examined this issue and determined that careful consideration of patient factors can guide successful treatment, whether it be surgical or nonsurgical, after initial instabi...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Anatomy and Physical Examination of the Shoulder
The shoulder is a complex joint, with a wide range of motion and functional demands. An understanding of the intricate network of bony, ligamentous, muscular, and neurovascular anatomy is required in order to properly identify and diagnose shoulder pathology. There exist many articulations, unique structural features, and anatomic relationships that play a role in shoulder function, and therefore, dysfunction and injury. Evaluation of a patient with shoulder complaints is largely reliant upon physical exam. As with any exam, the basic tenets of inspection, palpation, range of motion, strength, and neurovascular integrity m...
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Digital Exclusive Source Type: research

The Overhead Athletes Shoulder
The overhead athlete places tremendous forces across the shoulder which result in necessary adaptive, but also potentially pathologic structural change. In this chapter we aim to review the biomechanics of throwing, the mechanisms of injury with overhead sports, the detailed history, and physical examination in this population, and concluding with specific diagnoses and the various treatment options. (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Complex Issues in Shoulder Surgery: Instability and Rotator Cuff
No abstract available (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - August 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Complications of Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy: Erratum
No abstract available (Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review)
Source: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review - May 9, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Erratum Source Type: research