Physiomimetic In Vitro Human Models for Viral Infection in the Liver
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/a-1981-5944 Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of liver morbidity and mortality globally. The mechanisms underlying acute infection and clearance, versus the development of chronic infection, are poorly understood. In vitro models of viral hepatitis circumvent the high costs and ethical considerations of animal models, which also translate poorly to studying the human-specific hepatitis viruses. However, significant challenges are associated with modeling long-term infection in vitro. Differentiated hepatocytes are best able to sustain chronic viral hepatitis infection, but standard two-dimensi...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - January 10, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: McDuffie, Dennis Barr, David Helm, Madeline Baumert, Thomas Agarwal, Ashutosh Thomas, Emmanuel Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Therapeutic Pipeline in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759614 Alcohol-associated liver disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Patients with alcohol-associated liver disease are often diagnosed at advanced stage and disease spectrum including alcoholic hepatitis, a severe manifestation with a high short-term mortality. Corticosteroid, recommended first-line treatment for patients with alcoholic hepatitis, is a very suboptimal treatment. Although the use of early liver transplantation has increased with consistent benefit in select patients with alcoholic hepatitis, its use remains heterogeneous worldwide due to lack...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - December 26, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Thakral, Nimish Deutsch-Link, Sasha Singal, Ashwani K. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Current Challenges and Future Direction in Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/a-1957-8540 The burden for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) attributed to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to grow in parallel with rising global trends in obesity. The risk of HCC is elevated among patients with NAFLD-related cirrhosis to a level that justifies surveillance based on cost-effectiveness argument. The quality of current evidence for HCC surveillance in all patients with chronic liver disease is poor, and even lower in those with NAFLD. For a lack of more precise risk-stratification tools, current approaches to defining a target population in noncirrhotic NAFLD are...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - December 26, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Cholankeril, George El-Serag, Hashem B. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Beyond Varices: Complications of Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension in Pediatrics
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759613 Complications of cirrhotic portal hypertension (PHTN) in children are broad and include clinical manifestations ranging from variceal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) to less common conditions such as hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension, and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. The approaches to the diagnosis and management of these complications have become standard of practice in adults with cirrhosis with many guidance statements available. However, there is limited literature on th...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - December 26, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Banc-Husu, Anna M. Shiau, Henry Dike, Peace Shneider, Benjamin L. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Recent Advances in Intrahepatic Biliary Epithelial Heterogeneity
In conclusion, future studies addressing biliary heterogeneity's role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases characterized by ductular reaction may reveal novel therapeutic approaches. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Seminars in Liver Disease)
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - December 15, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Little, Ashleigh Medford, Abigail O'Brien, April Childs, Jonathan Pan, Sharon Machado, Jolaine Chakraborty, Sanjukta Glaser, Shannon Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Novel Biomarkers of AKI in Cirrhosis
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/a-1954-4136Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in patients with cirrhosis that is associated with poor outcomes and decreased survival. The definition of AKI in cirrhosis is currently based on changes of serum creatinine levels with respect to baseline values. Differential diagnosis of the causes of AKI is of major relevance, considering that some causes of AKI, such as hepatorenal syndrome, have specific treatment options and different prognosis. Prediction of kidney function recovery and patients' survival is also crucial in this patient population to guide clinical decisions...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - November 3, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Juanola, Adri à Ma, Ann T. Pose, Elisa Gin ès, Pere Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Regulation of Progression and Resolution of Liver Fibrosis by Immune Cells
In conclusion, we consider the review comprehensively provides the present achievements and future possibilities revolving around fibrosis treatment. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Seminars in Liver Disease)
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - November 2, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Koda, Yuzo Nakamoto, Nobuhiro Kanai, Takanori Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Dietary Recommendations for the Management of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Nutritional Geometry Perspective
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757711 Diet could be both culprit and solution of NAFLD. Dietary modifications have been associated with histological features improvement in NAFLD. The Western diet was related to a greater risk of disease progression while the Mediterranean diet (MD) could promote regression of histological lesions. Modifications in the nutrient composition seems to have lesser impact on NAFLD than dietary modifications. An intrinsic interaction between nutrients in the diet support a specific effect not seen when added separately. Dietary modifications should focus on promoting weight loss but also l...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - October 28, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Romero-G ómez, Manuel Aller, Roc ío Mart ín-Bermudo, Franz Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
From a Single Cell to a Whole Human Liver: Disease Modeling and Transplantation
In conclusion, bioengineered livers have emerged as a suitable tool for modeling liver diseases and as a promising alternative graft for clinical transplantation. The integration of novel technologies and techniques for the assembly and analysis of bioengineered livers will undoubtedly expand future applications in basic research and clinical transplantation. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor , NY 10001 New York, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract (Source: Seminars in Liver Disease)
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - October 19, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Motomura, Takashi Faccioli, Lanuza A.P. Diaz-Aragon, Ricardo Kocas-Kilicarslan, Zehra Nur Haep, Nils Florentino, Rodrigo M Amirneni, Sriram Cetin, Zeliha Peri, Bhaavna S. Morita, Kazutoyo Ostrowska, Alina Takeishi, Kazuki Soto-Gutierrez, Alejandro Tafalen Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Early Implementation of Palliative and Supportive Care in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/a-1946-5592 Early palliative and supportive care referral is the standard of care for many malignancies. This paradigm results in improvements in patients' symptoms and quality of life and decreases the costs of medical care and unnecessary procedures. Leading oncology guidelines have recommended the integration of early referral to palliative and supportive services to care pathways for advanced malignancies. Currently, early referral to palliative care within the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) population is not utilized, with gastroenterology guidelines recommending referral of patients with ...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - October 18, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Gofton, Cameron Agar, Meera George, Jacob Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Three-Dimensional Organoids as a Model to Study Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/a-1934-5588 Despite the rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the underlying disease pathophysiology remains unclear. There is a great need for an efficient and reliable “human” in vitro model to study NAFLD and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which will soon become the leading indication for liver transplantation. Here, we review the recent developments in the use of three-dimensional (3D) liver organoids as a model to study NAFLD and NASH pathophysiology and possible treatments. Various techniques that are currently used to make liver organ...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - October 14, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Park, Yujin Thadasina, Deepthi Bolujo, Ifeoluwa Isidan, Abdulkadir Cross-Najafi, Arthur A. Lopez, Kevin Li, Ping Dahlem, Andrew M. Kennedy, Lindsey Sato, Keisaku Francis, Heather Alpini, Gianfranco Zhang, Wenjun Ekser, Burcin Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Novel Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies for the Management of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
In conclusion, EBTs present an effective and safe therapeutic modality for use in the growing pandemic of obesity-related liver disease and should be investigated further with large-scale trials in this patient population. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Seminars in Liver Disease)
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - October 14, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Gala, Khushboo Razzak, Farah Abdul Rapaka, Babusai Abu Dayyeh, Barham K. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
NAFLD in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Contributor or Comorbidity?
In conclusion, a more comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management of patients with NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases is needed to optimize clinical outcomes. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Seminars in Liver Disease)
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - October 14, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Chen, Bing Tang, W.H Wilson Rodriguez, Mario Corey, Kathleen E. Sanyal, Arun J. Kamath, Patrick S. Bozkurt, Biykem Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan Pressman, Gregg S. Lazarus, Jeffrey V. El-Serag, Hashem B. Krittanawong, Chayakrit Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Hepatocellular carcinoma chemoprevention with generic agents
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/a-1942-6693Liver cancer, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. With the global epidemic of obesity, the major HCC etiologies have been dynamically shifting from viral to metabolic liver diseases. This change has made HCC prevention difficult with increasingly elusive at-risk populations as rational target for preventive interventions. Besides ongoing efforts to reduce obesity and metabolic disorders, chemoprevention in patients who already have metabolic liver diseases will have a significant impact on the poor HCC prognosis. Hepatitis B...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - October 11, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Rasha, Fahmida Paul, Subhojit Simon, Tracey G Hoshida, Yujin Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
3D Organoids as a Model to Study Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Semin Liver Dis DOI: 10.1055/a-1934-5588Despite the rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the underlying disease pathophysiology remains unclear. The need is great for an efficient and reliable ‘human’ in vitro model to study NAFLD and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which will soon become the leading indication for liver transplantation. Here, we review the recent developments in the use of 3D liver organoids as a model to study NAFLD and NASH pathophysiology and possible treatments. Various techniques that are currently used to make liver organoids are discussed, such ...
Source: Seminars in Liver Disease - October 11, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Park, Yujin Thadasina, Deepthi Bolujo, Ifeoluwa Isidan, Abdulkadir Cross-Najafi, Arthur A Lopez, Kevin Li, Ping Dahlem, Andrew Kennedy, Lindsey Sato, Keisaku Francis, Heather Alpini, Gianfranco Zhang, Wenjun Ekser, Burcin Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
