Revisiting transplant immunology through the lens of single-cell technologies
AbstractSolid organ transplantation (SOT) is the standard of care for end-stage organ disease. The most frequent complication of SOT involves allograft rejection, which may occur via T cell – and/or antibody-mediated mechanisms. Diagnosis of rejection in the clinical setting requires an invasive biopsy as there are currently no reliable biomarkers to detect rejection episodes. Likewise, it is virtually impossible to identify patients who exhibit operational tolerance and may be candi dates for reduced or complete withdrawal of immunosuppression. Emerging single-cell technologies, including cytometry by time-of-flight (Cy...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - August 18, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches
AbstractPreterm infants are at particularly high risk for infectious diseases. As this vulnerability extends beyond the neonatal period into childhood and adolescence, preterm infants benefit greatly from infection-preventive measures such as immunizations. However, there is an ongoing discussion about vaccine safety and efficacy due to preterm infants ’ distinct immunological features. A significant proportion of infants remains un- or under-immunized when discharged from primary hospital stay. Educating health care professionals and parents, promoting maternal immunization and evaluating the potential of new vaccinatio...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - August 3, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1: insights from across the spectrum of acute through long-term treated infection
AbstractThis review outlines the neuropathogenesis of HIV, from initial HIV entry into the central nervous system (CNS) to chronic infection, focusing on key advancements in the last 5 years. Discoveries regarding acute HIV infection reveal timing and mechanisms of early HIV entry and replication in the CNS, early inflammatory responses, and establishment of genetically distinct viral reservoirs in the brain. Recent studies additionally explore how chronic HIV infection is maint ained in the CNS, examining how the virus remains in a latent “hidden” state in diverse cells in the brain, and how this leads to sustained ...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - July 26, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Correction to: MAIT cells in liver inflammation and fibrosis
(Source: Seminars in Immunopathology)
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - July 25, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Unveiling the gut-brain axis: structural and functional analogies between the gut and the choroid plexus vascular and immune barriers
AbstractThe vasculature plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of blood-tissue interface homeostasis. Knowledge on the morphological and functional nature of the blood vessels in every single tissue is, however, very poor, but it is becoming clear that each organ is characterized by the presence of endothelial barriers with different properties fundamental for the maintenance of tissue resident immune homeostasis and for the recruitment of blood-trafficking immune cells. The tissue specificity of the vascular unit is dependent on the presence of differentiated endothelial cells that form continues, fene...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - July 21, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Correction to: Establishment of tissue-resident immune populations in the fetus
(Source: Seminars in Immunopathology)
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - July 12, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Gut instincts in neuroimmunity from the eighteenth to twenty-first centuries
AbstractIn the past two decades, work on the microbiota-gut-brain axis has led to a renewed appreciation for the interconnectedness between body systems in both clinical and scientific circles. In the USA alone, millions of adults are burdened with non-communicable chronic diseases whose putative etiologies were previously thought to be restricted to either the gut or brain, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Parkinson ’s and Alzheimer’s disease, and autism spectrum disorder. However, the recent explosion of research into the impacts of the gut microbiome on diverse aspects of human health ha...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - July 4, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tolerance and autoimmunity in the liver
(Source: Seminars in Immunopathology)
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - July 1, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
