Highly multiplexed spatial profiling with CODEX: bioinformatic analysis and application in human disease
AbstractMultiplexed imaging, which enables spatial localization of proteins and RNA to cells within tissues, complements existing multi-omic technologies and has deepened our understanding of health and disease. CODEX, a multiplexed single-cell imaging technology, utilizes a microfluidics system that incorporates DNA barcoded antibodies to visualize 50 + cellular markers at the single-cell level. Here, we discuss the latest applications of CODEX to studies of cancer, autoimmunity, and infection as well as current bioinformatics approaches for analysis of multiplexed imaging data from preprocessing to cell segmentation...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 21, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Immune biology of NSCLC revealed by single-cell technologies: implications for the development of biomarkers in patients treated with immunotherapy
AbstractFirst-line immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer largely improved patients ’ survival. PD-L1 testing is required before immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation. However, this biomarker fails to accurately predict patients’ response. On the other hand, immunotherapy exposes patients to immune-related toxicity, the mechanisms of which are still unclear. Hence, there is an unmet need to develop clinically approved predictive biomarkers to better select patients who will benefit the most from immune checkpoint inhibitors and improve risk management. Single-cell technologies provide unprecedented insight into t...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 21, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Single-cell RNA-seq methods to interrogate virus-host interactions
AbstractThe twenty-first century has seen the emergence of many epidemic and pandemic viruses, with the most recent being the SARS-CoV-2-driven COVID-19 pandemic. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on host cells to replicate and produce progeny, resulting in complex virus and host dynamics during an infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), by enabling broad and simultaneous profiling of both host and virus transcripts, represents a powerful technology to unravel the delicate balance between host and virus. In this review, we summarize technological and methodological advances in scRNA-seq and their...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 21, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Highly multiplexed spatial profiling with CODEX: bioinformatic analysis and application in human disease
AbstractMultiplexed imaging, which enables spatial localization of proteins and RNA to cells within tissues, complements existing multi-omic technologies and has deepened our understanding of health and disease. CODEX, a multiplexed single-cell imaging technology, utilizes a microfluidics system that incorporates DNA barcoded antibodies to visualize 50 + cellular markers at the single-cell level. Here, we discuss the latest applications of CODEX to studies of cancer, autoimmunity, and infection as well as current bioinformatics approaches for analysis of multiplexed imaging data from preprocessing to cell segmentation...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 21, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Human T lymphocytes at tumor sites
AbstractCD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes mediate most of the adaptive immune response against tumors. Na ïve T lymphocytes specific for tumor antigens are primed in lymph nodes by dendritic cells. Upon activation, antigen-specific T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells that migrate out of peripheral blood into tumor sites in an attempt to eliminate cancer cells. After accomplishing their function, most effector T cells die in the tissue, while a small fraction of antigen-specific T cells persist as long-lived memory cells, circulating between peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, to generate enhanced immune...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 16, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Sex differences in the inflammatory response to stroke
AbstractIschemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and disproportionally affects women, in part due to their higher longevity. Older women have poorer outcomes after stroke with high rates of cognitive deficits, depression, and reduced quality of life. Post-stroke inflammatory responses are also sexually dimorphic and drive differences in infarct size and recovery. Factors that influence sex-specific immune responses can be both intrinsic and extrinsic. Differences in gonadal hormone exposure, sex chromosome compliment, and environmental/social factors can drive changes in transcriptional and metabolic p...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 10, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Systemic innate myeloid responses to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke
AbstractAcute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke account for significant disability and morbidity burdens worldwide. The myeloid arm of the peripheral innate immune system is critical in the immunological response to acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DC) contribute to the evolution of pathogenic local and systemic inflammation, whilst maintaining a critical role in ongoing immunity protecting against secondary infections. This review aims to summarise the key alterations to myeloid immunity in acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid haemor...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 8, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tissue-resident immunity in the lung: a first-line defense at the environmental interface
AbstractThe lung is a vital organ that incessantly faces external environmental challenges. Its homeostasis and unimpeded vital function are ensured by the respiratory epithelium working hand in hand with an intricate fine-tuned tissue-resident immune cell network. Lung tissue-resident immune cells span across the innate and adaptive immunity and protect from infectious agents but can also prove to be pathogenic if dysregulated. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune cell subtypes comprising lung-resident immunity and discuss their ontogeny and role in distinct respiratory diseases. An improved understanding of the...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - October 28, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Heterogeneity of tissue-resident immunity across organs and in health and disease
(Source: Seminars in Immunopathology)
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - October 28, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tissue-resident immunity in the lung: a first-line defense at the environmental interface
AbstractThe lung is a vital organ that incessantly faces external environmental challenges. Its homeostasis and unimpeded vital function are ensured by the respiratory epithelium working hand in hand with an intricate fine-tuned tissue-resident immune cell network. Lung tissue-resident immune cells span across the innate and adaptive immunity and protect from infectious agents but can also prove to be pathogenic if dysregulated. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune cell subtypes comprising lung-resident immunity and discuss their ontogeny and role in distinct respiratory diseases. An improved understanding of the...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - October 28, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Heterogeneity of tissue-resident immunity across organs and in health and disease
(Source: Seminars in Immunopathology)
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - October 28, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tumor microenvironment antigens
AbstractThe identification and characterization of tumor antigens are central objectives in developing anti-cancer immunotherapy. Traditionally, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are considered relatively restricted to tumor cells (i.e., overexpressed proteins in tumor cells), whereas tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are considered unique to tumor cells. Recent studies have focused on identifying patient-specific neoantigens, which might be highly immunogenic because they are not expressed in normal tissues. The opposite strategy has emerged with the discovery of anti-regulatory T cells (anti-Tregs) that recognize and attack ...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - September 29, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research