Complement in ischaemia –reperfusion injury and transplantation
AbstractUntil recently, the only known condition in which complement could mediate transplant injury was the rare occurrence of antibody-mediated rejection, in which the original concept of antibody immunity against the transplant was supported by complementary proteins present in the serum. This has changed within the last two decades because of evidence that the processes of ischaemia –reperfusion injury followed by T cell–mediated rejection are also critically dependent on components generated by the complement system. We now have a clearer understanding of the complement triggers and effectors that mediate injury, ...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 10, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Light at night disrupts biological clocks, calendars, and immune function
AbstractLight at night is a pervasive problem in our society; over 80% of the world ’s population experiences significant light pollution. Exacerbating this issue is the reality that artificially lit outdoor areas are growing by 2.2% per year and continuously lit areas brighten by 2.2% each year due to the rapid growths in population and urbanization. Furthermore, the increase in the prevalence of night shift work and smart device usage contributes to the inescapable nature of artificial light at night (ALAN). Although previously assumed to be innocuous, ALAN has deleterious effects on the circadian system and circadian-...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 3, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a polygenic chronic autoimmune disease leading to multiple organ damage. A large heritability of up to 66% is estimated in SLE, with roughly 180 reported susceptibility loci that have been identified mostly by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and account for approximately 30% of genetic heritability. A vast majority of risk variants reside in non-coding regions, which makes it quite challenging to interpret their functional implications in the SLE-affected immune system, suggesting the importance of understanding cell type –specific epigenetic regulation around SLE GWA...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 3, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Light at night disrupts biological clocks, calendars, and immune function
AbstractLight at night is a pervasive problem in our society; over 80% of the world ’s population experiences significant light pollution. Exacerbating this issue is the reality that artificially lit outdoor areas are growing by 2.2% per year and continuously lit areas brighten by 2.2% each year due to the rapid growths in population and urbanization. Furthermore, the increase in the prevalence of night shift work and smart device usage contributes to the inescapable nature of artificial light at night (ALAN). Although previously assumed to be innocuous, ALAN has deleterious effects on the circadian system and circadian-...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 3, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a polygenic chronic autoimmune disease leading to multiple organ damage. A large heritability of up to 66% is estimated in SLE, with roughly 180 reported susceptibility loci that have been identified mostly by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and account for approximately 30% of genetic heritability. A vast majority of risk variants reside in non-coding regions, which makes it quite challenging to interpret their functional implications in the SLE-affected immune system, suggesting the importance of understanding cell type –specific epigenetic regulation around SLE GWA...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - November 3, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
The emerging role of complement in neuromuscular disorders
Abstract
The complement cascade is a key arm of the immune system that protects the host from exogenous and endogenous toxic stimuli through its ability to potently regulate inflammation, phagocytosis, and cell lysis. Due to recent clinical trial successes and drug approvals for complement inhibitors, there is a resurgence in targeting complement as a therapeutic approach to prevent ongoing tissue destruction in several diseases. In particular, neuromuscular diseases are undergoing a recent focus, with demonstrated links between complement activation and disease pathology. This review aims to provide a comprehensive ove...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - October 27, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tipping the balance: intricate roles of the complement system in disease and therapy
AbstractThe ability of the complement system to rapidly and broadly react to microbial intruders, apoptotic cells and other threats by inducing forceful elimination responses is indispensable for its role as host defense and surveillance system. However, the danger sensing versatility of complement may come at a steep price for patients suffering from various immune, inflammatory, age-related, or biomaterial-induced conditions. Misguided recognition of cell debris or transplants, excessive activation by microbial or damaged host cells, autoimmune events, and dysregulation of the complement response may all induce effector ...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - October 26, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
The molecular mechanisms of inflammation and scarring in the kidneys of immunoglobulin A nephropathy
AbstractKidney biopsy is the cornerstone for the diagnosis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The immunofluorescence technique evidences the IgA deposits in the glomeruli; the routine histology shows degree of active and chronic renal lesions. The spectrum of renal lesions is highly variable, ranging from minor or no detectable lesions to diffuse proliferative or crescentic lesions. Over the past three decades, renal transcriptomic studies have been performed on fresh or frozen renal tissue, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney tissue specimens obtained from archival histological repositories. This paper aims t...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - October 21, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
The microbiome and IgA nephropathy
AbstractThe immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) are poorly understood, yet it is one of the most common causes of kidney failure globally. The commonly referenced syndrome of synpharyngitic gross hematuria as a presenting feature of IgAN has led to a logical association between infections and development of IgAN, however no pathogenic organism has been clearly linked to IgAN. Advances in sequencing technology have enabled more detailed characterization of host microbial communities, and highlighted the interrelationship between microbiota and immune responses in health and disease. Th...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - October 18, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
The mucosal immune system and IgA nephropathy
AbstractThe precise pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is still not clearly established but emerging evidence confirms a pivotal role for mucosal immunity. This review focuses on the key role of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in promoting the onset of the disease, underlying the relationship among microbiota, genetic factors, food antigen, infections, and mucosal immune response. Finally, we evaluate potential therapies targeting microbes and mucosa hyperresponsiveness in IgAN patients. (Source: Seminars in Immunopathology)
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - October 12, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
