Lifestyle, Hormonal, and Metabolic Environmental Risks for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Although there is a substantial body of literature focused on understanding noninhalational risk-factors for rheumatoid arthritis, the data are mixed and often conflicting. Given the other health benefits for certain lifestyle modifications, it seems reasonable for clinicians to promote healthy lifestyle habits related to diet, exercise, maintenance of health weight, and maintenance of good dental hygiene. Overall, however, these lifestyle modifications may be expected to have modest benefit, and other strategies to prevent rheumatoid arthritis in high-risk patients are needed. (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Nancy Desai, Lydia Federico, Joshua F. Baker Source Type: research

Environmental Risks for Spondyloarthropathies
Spondyloarthropathies, also known as spondyloarthritis, encompasses a spectrum of diseases classified by it ’s axial and peripheral musculoskeletal manifestations. Extra-articular features are common in SpA making these systemic rheumatologic diseases involve the skin, eye, gut, and other organ systems.Research has identified risk factors for the development of spondyloarthritis, particularly regarding genetic susceptibility and the strong association with HLA-B27. Multiple studies have elucidated clinical risk factors associated with SpA disease activity and severity. In this review, we aim to explore the environmental ...
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Yvette Farran, John Reveille, Mark Hwang Source Type: research

Environmental Risks for Systemic Sclerosis
There is an increasing body of literature suggesting a relationship between environmental factors and the development of systemic sclerosis (SSc). These include occupational exposures, chemical materials, medications, alterations in the microbiome, and dysbiosis. Environmental exposures may impact epigenetic regulation thereby triggering an aberrant immune response resulting in the clinical and serologic phenotype that we diagnose as SSc. Screening and studying putative triggers will not only improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc but also inform the institution for protective measures. (Source: Rheumatic Dis...
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Hana Alahmari, Zareen Ahmad, Sindhu R. Johnson Source Type: research

Environmental Risks for Inflammatory Myopathies
This is an up-to-date review on external environmental factors for adult-onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). Environmental factors with suggestive evidence including ultraviolet radiation, smoking, infectious agents (viruses in particular), pollutants, medications (ie, statin) and vitamin D deficiency are discussed. We also discuss the potential implications of environmental factors in IIM development, identify current challenges, and provide insight into future investigations. (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Weng Ian Che, Ingrid E. Lundberg, Marie Holmqvist Source Type: research

Environmental Triggers of Hyperuricemia and Gout
Gout is the most prevalent type of inflammatory arthritis worldwide and environmental factors contribute to hyperuricemia and risk for gout flare. Causes of hyperuricemia include increased purine consumption from meat, alcohol, and high fructose corn syrup as well as medications such as cyclosporine, low-dose aspirin, or diuretics. Triggers for gout flares include increased purine consumption and medication use such as urate lowering therapy and diuretics. Environmental exposures including lead exposure, particulate matter exposure, temperature fluctuations, and physiologic stress have been found to trigger flares. In the ...
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Lindsay N. Helget, Ted R. Mikuls Source Type: research

Environmental Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis: The Impact on Individuals with Knee Joint Injury
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating chronic condition involving joint degeneration, impacting over 300 million people worldwide. This places a high social and economic burden on society. The knee is the most common joint impacted by osteoarthritis. A common cause of osteoarthritis is traumatic joint injury, specifically injury to the anterior cruciate ligament. The purpose of this review is to detail the non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis with particular focus on individuals after anterior cruciate ligament injury. After reading this, health care providers will better comprehend the wide variety of ...
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: David M. Werner, Yvonne M. Golightly, Matthew Tao, Austin Post, Elizabeth Wellsandt Source Type: research

Environmental Triggers for Rheumatic Diseases
Bryant has done a remarkable job putting together this state-of-the-art issue on environmental triggers for Rheumatic Disease. In the current issue, there is a heavily annotated and critical emphasis on the methodological aspects of how to investigate this important part of our diseases. Association and causation are different things, and our article writers are quick to point out that observations need to be examined in a variety of ways to make sure we do not rush to judgment. Different study designs are emphasized in these contributions, and each has its own benefits and shortcomings. (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Michael H. Weisman Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Environmental Triggers for Rheumatic Disease: From “Why Did I Get This?” to “How Can We Prevent This?”
Receiving the news of a new diagnosis of rheumatic disease can be overwhelming to patients. After discussing the natural history, treatment options, and initial treatment plan during such a clinic visit, many of us providers ask, “What questions do you have?” Routinely, it is not a clarifying question about the diagnosis or treatment plan, but rather the question, “Why did I get this?,” the patient asks. Unfortunately, this question that is simple to ask is impossible to answer. We often respond by discussing the her itability of rheumatic diseases, but the majority of rheumatic disease risk is not related to genet...
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Bryant R. England Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Environmental Triggers for Rheumatic Diseases
RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Bryant R. England Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research

Contributors
MICHAEL H. WEISMAN, MD (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research

Contents
Michael H. Weisman (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Cardiovascular Complications of Chronic Rheumatic Diseases (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - November 1, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research

Epidemiologic Opportunities and Challenges in Studying Environmental Risk Factors for Rheumatic Diseases
This article summarizes the key environmental risk factors for rheumatic diseases, the data sources that generated these findings, and the key pitfalls with existing research that every rheumatology clinician should know. Emerging research opportunities hold promise to revolutionize this field, and soon. (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - September 30, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Vanessa L. Kronzer, John M. Davis, Cynthia S. Crowson Source Type: research

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease. The etiology of SLE is multifactorial and includes potential environmental triggers, which may occur sequentially (the “multi-hit” hypothesis). This review focuses on SLE risk potentially associated with environmental factors including infections, the microbiome, diet, respirable exposures (eg, crystalline silica, smoking, air pollution), organic pollutants, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation. (Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America)
Source: Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America - September 30, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Jia Li Liu, Jennifer M.P. Woo, Christine G. Parks, Karen H. Costenbader, S øren Jacobsen, Sasha Bernatsky Source Type: research