Introducing a Radiography-based Score in Children With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Cross-sectional Study
Purpose:
Respiratory failure (RF) is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). We propose a radiography-based severity score for the assessment of children with RF and investigate the possible associations with severity indices and outcome.
Materials and Methods:
Children with acute RF admitted in PICU were enrolled. Disease severity scores [Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD)], the ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratios, duration of ventilator support (DVS), l...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Assessment of Lung Reaeration at 2 Levels of Positive End-expiratory Pressure in Patients With Early and Late COVID-19-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Conclusions:
The majority of patients with COVID-19-related ARDS undergoing invasive ventilation had substantial reaeration of lung consolidations after recruitment and ventilation at high PEEP. Higher PEEP can be considered in patients with reaerated lung consolidations when accompanied by improvement in compliance and gas exchange. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Differences in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers Between Patients With COVID-19-associated Myocardial Injury and Patients With Clinically Suspected Myocarditis
We examined CMRI of patients with COVID-19 and elevated high-sensitivity serum troponin levels performed between March 31st and May 5th and compared them to CMRI of patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection with suspected myocarditis in the same time period. For this purpose, we evaluated Lake-Louise Criteria for myocarditis by determining nonischemic myocardial injury via T1-mapping, extracellular volume, late gadolinium enhancement, and myocardial edema (ME) by T2-mapping and fat-saturated T2w imaging (T2Q).
Results:
A total of 15 of 18 (89%) patients with COVID-19 had abnormal findings. The control group consisted of...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Smooth Muscle Conditions of the Chest: A Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Review
Smooth muscle conditions of the chest have diverse clinical and imaging manifestations and may involve nearly every thoracic structure. Differentiation among these conditions requires the integration of clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic data. Histologic examination in conjunction with immunohistochemistry is essential for differentiation from other spindle cell neoplastic mimics. Familiarity with these entities will ensure the inclusion of smooth muscle conditions in the differential diagnosis of thoracic soft tissue lesions and potentially guide the clinician in appropriate management. We review the clinical, imag...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Congenital Descending Aorta to Pulmonary Vein Fistula: Imaging Findings and Differential Diagnosis
Congenital descending aorta to pulmonary vein fistula (cDAPVF) is an extremely rare vascular abnormality that is usually diagnosed in infancy. Patients can become symptomatic, presenting with heart failure and hemoptysis. It is important to differentiate cDAPVF from its potential mimickers due to differences in treatment implications. In this pictorial essay, we will highlight the pathophysiology and key imaging findings of cDAPVF and how to separate it from its more common mimickers using cases that presented at our institution. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Pictorial Essay Source Type: research
Acquired Thoracic Fistulas
Fistulas are abnormal connections between 2 epithelial-lined structures. Thoracic fistulas may result from nonanatomic communications between spaces within the thorax, such as the lung, tracheobronchial tree, pleural space, and mediastinal structures, or between thoracic spaces and extrathoracic structures, such as the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, thoracic fistulas may result in communication between thoracic spaces and the spine or vascular structures. Potential causes include trauma, infection, neoplasm, surgical intervention, or medical syndromes. In this article, we discuss various acquired thoracic fistulas an...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Pictorial Essay Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Mapping and Strain Assessment for the Diagnosis of Cardiac Involvement in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy Patients With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Purpose:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) mapping and strain analysis in the identification of cardiac involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
Materials and Methods:
In all, 38 IIM patients who underwent CMR examination at our institution were retrospectively included. Twenty-three age-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Mapping parameters including native T1, extracellular volume (ECV), and T2 mapping and strain parameters including global radial strain, global circumferential s...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Differentiating Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Incidental Infarction From Ischemic Cardiomyopathy by Geometric Indices Derived From Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to differentiate nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with incidental myocardial infarction (NICM with incidental MI) from ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) by integrating left ventricular (LV) geometric indices and ischemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.
Materials and Methods:
All subjects were studied on a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. All patients had an LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Clinical Significance of Papillary Muscles on Left Ventricular Mass Quantification Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Reproducibility and Prognostic Value in Fabry Disease
Purpose:
Accurate and reproducible assessment of left ventricular mass (LVM) is important in Fabry disease. However, it is unclear whether papillary muscles should be included in LVM assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and predictive value of LVM in patients with Fabry disease using different analysis approaches.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 92 patients (44±15 y, 61 women) with confirmed Fabry disease who had undergone cardiac MRI at a single tertiary referral hospital were included in this retrospective study. LVM was assess...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Higher Mortality in Case of Small Left Atrium on Nongated Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Is Associated With the Presence of Malignancy
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between small left atria (LA) according to computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and mortality among individuals without pulmonary embolism, and to examine which volumes begin to portend adverse outcomes.
Materials and Methods:
Left atrial volume indices (LAVIs) of 752 consecutive patients who underwent CTPA, in which pulmonary embolism were ruled out, were measured retrospectively using an automatic 4-chamber volumetric analysis software. Groups of 5 percentiles within the lower quartile were investigated, and the interquartile range ...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
High Prevalence of Right Ventricular/Left Ventricular Ratio ≥1 Among Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography
Aim:
Increased ratio between the right and left ventricular (RV/LV) diameters ≥1 is considered an important imaging marker for risk stratification among patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Our goal was to assess the prevalence of RV/LV≥1 among consecutive patients undergoing computed tomography pulmonary angiography, and to compare the prevalence of RV/LV≥1 between patients with and without PE.
Methods:
Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography due to clinical suspicion of PE between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014. The a...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Influence of Asthma Onset on Airway Dimensions on Ultra–high-resolution Computed Tomography in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Conclusions:
Asthma onset before 40 years of age could be associated with greater lumen narrowing of the airways in COPD. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Systemic Air Embolism Complicating Computed Tomography–guided Percutaneous Transthoracic Biopsy of Cavitary Lung Lesions: A Systematic Review
Conclusions:
On the basis of available evidence, air embolism rates are similar for PTLB of cavitary and noncavitary lesions. Additional research and registry studies are necessary to better understand this topic. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Fluid-filled Cystic Lesions of the Lungs
This article focuses on key imaging features and clinical characteristics that can be used to narrow the differential diagnosis. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Accessory and Incomplete Lung Fissures: Clinical and Histopathologic Implications
Conclusion:
Accessory and incomplete pulmonary fissures are often overlooked during routine imaging but can have profound clinical importance. Knowledge of fissure anatomy could improve diagnostic accuracy and inform prognosis for oncologists, interventional pulmonologists, and thoracic surgeons. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
