Review of Thoracic Causes of Systemic Arterial Air Embolism on Computed Tomography
Systemic arterial air embolism (SAAE) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that may occur when air enters into pulmonary veins or directly into the systemic circulation after pulmonary procedures (biopsy or resection) or penetrating trauma to the lung. While venous air embolism is commonly reported, arterial air embolism is rare. Even a minor injury to the chest along with positive-pressure ventilation can cause SAAE. Small amounts of air may cause neurological or cardiac symptoms depending on the affected arteries, while massive embolism can result in fatal cardiovascular collapse. We discuss the various c...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Review Article Source Type: research
The Association Between Marital Status, Coronary Computed Tomography Imaging Biomarkers, and Mortality in a Lung Cancer Screening Population
Conclusions:
Being unmarried is associated with an increased CVD-related death and all-cause mortality mainly due to cardiovascular etiology. On the basis of this, marital status might be taken into consideration when assessing individuals’ health status. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
In-Hospital Cost Comparison of Triple-Rule-Out Computed Tomography Angiography Versus Standard of Care in Patients With Acute Chest Pain
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization of invasive and noninvasive tests and compare cost in patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency department (ED) who underwent either triple-rule-out computed tomography angiography (TRO-CTA) or standard of care.
Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective single-center analysis of 2156 ED patients who presented with acute chest pain with a negative initial troponin and electrocardiogram for myocardial injury. Patient cohorts matched by patient characteristics who had undergone TRO-CTA as a primary imaging test (n=1139) or standard of...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Validation of Appropriate Use Criteria for Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography for Chest Pain Evaluation in a Tertiary Care Emergency Room
Conclusions:
Appropriate and uncertain uses were associated with low diagnostic yield compared with inappropriate use; however, our findings do not demonstrate differences between appropriate use categories with respect to downstream health care resource utilization. Further studies are needed to define the role of AUC for CCTA in the ED setting. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Cardiac Computed Tomography for Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing Ablation: Implications for the Prediction of Early Recurrence
The objective of this study was to correlate early recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after ablation with noninvasive imaging using cardiac computed tomography (CT).
Methods:
CT image data of 260 patients who had undergone wide area circumferential ablation (WACA) between October 2005 and August 2010 as well as from 30 subjects in sinus rhythm without a history of AF (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. To evaluate early outcome of AF ablation, all AF patients underwent follow-up with a 30-day event monitor 3 to 4 months after ablation. In addition, a cardiac CT was also performed 3 to 4 months after ablat...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Pulmonary Computed Tomography Parenchymal and Vascular Features Diagnostic of Postablation Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to define the full spectrum of pulmonary computed tomography (CT) changes characteristic of postablation pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS).
Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed our pulmonary vein isolation database. PVS was graded as follows: grade 1: (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Pulmonary Artery/Vein Separation Using Single-Phase Computed Tomography: Feasibility and the Influence of Patient Characteristics on Vessel Enhancement
Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to verify the usefulness and feasibility of a single-phase scan for pulmonary artery/vein separation using a bolus-tracking technique and to evaluate the influence of patient characteristics on differentiation of computed tomography (CT) values between arteries and veins.
Material and Methods:
A total of 79 patients (60 male individuals and 19 female individuals, mean age 70 y) with suspected lung cancers or metastasis underwent contrast-enhanced chest CT and ultrasonic echocardiography. The CT values of the pulmonary arteries and veins were measured, and the difference in CT...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Significant Radiation Dose Reduction Using a Novel Angiography Platform in Patients Undergoing Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Objectives:
Cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (cPVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation requires fluoroscopic guidance, causing a relevant amount of radiation exposure. Strategies to reduce radiation exposure in electrophysiologic procedures and specifically cPVI are of great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible reduction of radiation dose using the novel Azurion 7 F12 x-ray system compared with its predecessor Allura FD10.
Methods:
In February 2017, the Philips Azurion angiography system was introduced, combining the Allura Clarity radiation dose reduction technology with a more powerful ...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Preprocedural Imaging Evaluation of Pulmonary Valve Replacement After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot: What the Radiologist Needs to Know
Tetrallogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most frequent form of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Despite advances in surgical and medical treatment, mortality remains high. Residual dysfunction of the pulmonary valve (PV) after correction of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction is an important cause of morbidity, leading to irreversible right ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias, heart failure and occasionally, death. The strategies for PVR have evolved over the last decades, and the timing of the intervention remains the foundation of the decision-making process. Symptoms of heart failure are unreliable indicators for op...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Signs of Increased Intrapericardial Pressure on Chest Computed Tomography: Pictorial Review With Echocardiography, Cardiac Computed Tomography, and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlation
We sought to describe incidental imaging features of increased intrapericardial pressure due to pericardial effusion on chest computed tomography (CT) and correlate them with cardiac CT, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography. It is important for the radiologist to become familiar with imaging findings of increased intrapericardial pressure in the setting of pericardial effusion when identified on chest CT. Recognizing the imaging findings of increased intrapericardial pressure can better guide the care of these patients. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence Pertaining to Cardiothoracic Imaging and Patient Care: Beyond Image Interpretation
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad field of computational science that includes many subsets. Today the most widely used subset in medical imaging is machine learning (ML). Many articles have focused on the use of ML for pattern recognition to detect and potentially diagnose various pathologies. However, AI algorithm development is now directed toward workflow management. AI can impact patient care at multiple stages of their imaging experience and assist in efficient and effective scheduling, imaging performance, worklist prioritization, image interpretation, and quality assurance. The purpose of this manuscript was ...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 22, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Anomalies of the Coronary Sinus and Its Tributaries: Evaluation on Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography
Imaging of the coronary sinus and its tributaries has gained increasing significance consequent to the development of an array of electrophysiological and interventional procedures using the cardiac venous system, including ablation for arrhythmias, left ventricular pacing, and in the administration of retrograde cardioplegia. Knowledge of the normal anatomy and the possible anomalies and their clinical significance is imperative to circumvent possible complications. A number of coronary sinus (CS) anomalies, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, have been observed with the widespread use of noninvasive cross-sectional imagin...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - February 29, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Review Article Source Type: research
Ballistic and Penetrating Injuries of the Chest
We present a pictorial essay of ballistic and penetrating injuries and their complications with a focus on lung, cardiac, and vascular injury. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - February 29, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Pictorial Essay Source Type: research
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Thoracic Imaging—Current Practices and Utility: Survey of the Society of Thoracic Radiology
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the current practice patterns of utilization of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in thoracic imaging.
Materials and Methods:
In this IRB-approved study, the URL link for an anonymous 26-question survey was sent by email to all the members of the Society of Thoracic Radiology (STR). Survey questions focused on the practice type, case volume, DECT scanner availability, common indications, image types, and perceived utility of DECT. Study data were collected and managed using SurveyMonkey tools and analyzed with χ2 tests.
Results:
The survey response rate was ...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - February 29, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Original Article Source Type: research
Radiomics Toolkit: Available Chest Computed Tomography Data Sets
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - February 29, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Commentary Source Type: research
