Computed Tomography Appearance of Unusual Nonaortic Thoracic Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms
Although aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are easily recognized on computed tomography (CT), nonaortic intrathoracic aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are unusual and not often encountered by radiologists. These lesions can result in complications such as hemorrhage or symptoms from mass effect. In some cases, patients may be asymptomatic and the aneurysms may represent incidental findings. Radiologists should be familiar with the CT appearances of these rare vascular abnormalities to enable prompt diagnosis. The goals of this pictorial essay are to: (1) illustrate and describe the CT appearances of various unusual intrathoraci...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - October 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Pictorial Essay Source Type: research
Reducing Time and Patient Radiation of Computed Tomography–guided Thoracic Needle Biopsies With Single-rotation Axial Acquisitions: An Alternative to “CT Fluoroscopy”
Purpose:
To investigate the effect on procedure time and patient radiation indices of replacing helical acquisitions for needle guidance during thoracic needle biopsy (TNB) with intermittent single-rotation axial acquisitions.
Materials and Methods:
This retrospective intervention study included 215 consecutive TNBs performed by a single operator from 2014 to 2018. Characteristics of patients, lesions, and procedures were compared between TNBs guided only by helical acquisitions initiated in the control room (helical group, n=141) and TNBs guided in part by intermittent single-rotation axial computed tomography ...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - October 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Prospective Evaluation of the First Integrated Positron Emission Tomography/Dual-Energy Computed Tomography System in Patients With Lung Cancer
Purpose:
The aim of this pilot study was to prospectively evaluate the first integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) system performance in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods:
In this single-center, prospective trial, consecutive patients with NSCLC referred for a PET study between May 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled. All patients received contrast-enhanced imaging on a clinical PET/DECT system. Data analysis included PET-based standard uptake values (SUVmax) and DECT-based iodine densities of tumor masses, lymph nodes, and dista...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - October 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Cystic Primary Lung Cancer: Evolution of Computed Tomography Imaging Morphology Over Time
Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that cystic airspaces within lung cancers are not uncommon, and may be seen transiently as cancers evolve. Increased awareness of the spectrum of cystic lung cancer morphology is important to improve diagnostic accuracy and lung cancer management. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - October 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Patient-centered Reporting in Radiology: A Single-site Survey Study of Lung Cancer Screening Results
This study aimed to assess whether patients preferred traditional or patient-friendly radiology reports and, secondarily, whether one reporting style led to a subjective improvement in patients’ understanding of their imaging results and next steps in their clinical care.
Materials and Methods:
This randomized study included patients who had previously enrolled in an institutional comprehensive lung cancer screening program. Three hundred patients were randomly selected from the program database to receive both traditional and patient-centered radiology reports. Randomization also occurred at both the risk level o...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - October 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Computed Tomography Coronary Plaque Characteristics Predict Ischemia Detected by Invasive Fractional Flow Reserve
Purpose:
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) plaque quantification has been proposed to be of incremental value in the prediction of ischemia, although prior studies have shown conflicting results. We aimed to determine whether CCTA plaque features assessed on a commercial vendor platform predict invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR)/instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR).
Methods:
Consecutive patients who underwent CCTA for evaluation of suspected stable coronary artery disease followed by invasive coronary physiology testing within 60 days at a single academic center were identified retrospectively. ...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - October 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Patient-tailored Contrast Delivery Protocols for Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography: Lower Contrast Dose and Better Image Quality
Purpose:
The first objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a patient-tailored contrast delivery protocol for coronary computed tomography angiography (CTCA), in terms of diagnostic coronary attenuation and total iodine load (TIL), by adjusting the iodine delivery rate (IDR) via dilution for body weight and tube voltage (kV), as compared with a protocol with a fixed bolus of contrast in a clinical setting. The secondary objective was to assess the association between the test-bolus data and luminal attenuation in CTCA.
Materials and Methods:
Patients who underwent CTCA with fixed IDR contrast deli...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - October 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
The Feasibility, Tolerability, Safety, and Accuracy of Low-radiation Dynamic Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With Regadenoson Compared With Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography
Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that CT-MPI is safe, well tolerated, and can be performed with comparable radiation exposure to SPECT. CT-MPI has the benefit of providing both complete anatomic coronary evaluation and assessment of myocardial perfusion. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - October 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Coronary Artery Fistulas: A Review of the Current and Future Roles of Imaging
Coronary artery fistulas are uncommon but clinically important entities that may produce symptoms and significant complications such as angina, myocardial infarction, coronary artery aneurysm formation, and congestive heart failure. Multiple fistula types have been recognized, and classification uses factors such as etiology, coronary artery origin, and drainage site. Both invasive and noninvasive imaging play an important role in the management and treatment of these patients, and often times, more than one modality is necessary for comprehensive evaluation of coronary fistulas. Recent advances in both functional and anat...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - October 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Radiologic Manifestations of Pulmonary Vein Ablation Complications: A Pictorial Review
In patients with atrial fibrillation refractory to drug therapy and cardioversion, pulmonary vein ablation is an alternative treatment that eradicates arrhythmogenic activity originating in the muscles of the pulmonary veins. While this procedure has a low incidence of significant complications, iatrogenic injuries are possible. Through multimodality pictorial examples utilizing computed tomography, nuclear medicine, fluoroscopy, and chest radiographs, the complications associated with pulmonary vein ablation will be reviewed. Examples of pulmonary vein stenosis, right phrenic nerve injury with associated diaphragmatic par...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Pictorial Essay Source Type: research
Imaging of Cardiac Infections: A Comprehensive Review and Investigation Flowchart for Diagnostic Workup
Infections of the cardiovascular system may present with nonspecific symptoms, and it is common for patients to undergo multiple investigations to arrive at the diagnosis. Echocardiography is central to the diagnosis of endocarditis and pericarditis. However, cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging also play an additive role in these diagnoses; in fact, magnetic resonance imaging is central to the diagnosis of myocarditis. Functional imaging (fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT and radiolabeled white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography/CT) is useful in th...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content: Review Article Source Type: research
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Pulmonary Embolism in Children and Young Adults With Nephrotic Syndrome: A Chinese Large Cohort Study
Purpose:
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is highly associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) in children and young adults. However, few studies have specified the risk factors of PE in children and young adults with NS. We sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors of PE confirmed with computed tomography pulmonary angiography in Chinese children and young adults with NS.
Methods:
Data from 444 children and young adults with NS who had computed tomography pulmonary angiography from December 2010 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The prevalence of PE was estimated for differ...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Thoracic Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography of Primary Pulmonary Vein Stenosis in Children: Evaluation of Characteristic Extravascular Findings
Conclusions:
Children with primary PVS have characteristic extravascular thoracic MDCT angiography findings. In the lungs and pleura, GGO, septal thickening, and pleural thickening are common findings. Importantly, in the mediastinum, the presence of a mildly heterogeneously enhancing, noncalcified soft tissue mass in the distribution of PVS is a novel characteristic thoracic MDCT angiography finding unique to pediatric primary PVS. When this constellation of extravascular thoracic MDCT angiography findings is detected, although rare, primary PVS should be considered as a possible underlying diagnosis, especially in sy...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Thoracic Multidetector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Lung in Pediatric Patients in the Era of Modern Diagnosis
Conclusions:
IMT of the lung in children typically presents as a solitary, pleural-based, well-circumscribed, solid mass with heterogenous contrast enhancement, often with dense calcification, without significant laterality or lobar preference. In addition, pleural or mediastinal abnormalities are characteristically absent. These notable MDCT attributes of IMT of the lung are an important and novel finding, with great potential to help differentiate pediatric IMT of the lung from other thoracic masses in children. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Thoracic Multidetector Computed Tomography Findings of Dedicator of Cytokinesis 8 Deficiency in Children
Conclusion:
Children with DOCK8 deficiency have characteristic thoracic MDCT findings, including bilateral bronchiectasis with a middle lung zone predominance, GGO, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. When these characteristic thoracic MDCT findings are detected, although rare, DOCK8 deficiency should be considered as a possible underlying diagnosis in the pediatric population. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - August 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
