Noncontrast Chest Computed Tomographic Imaging of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Part II Noncardiovascular Findings
The purpose of this review article is to acquaint the reader with the current state of the art for the noncardiovascular imaging biomarkers of metabolic syndrome found on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) of the chest and their prognostic significance. Routine chest NCCT includes quantitative information with regard to tissue density and organ volumes in the neck, chest, and upper abdomen. The specific imaging biomarkers that may be seen in association with metabolic syndrome include low thyroid iodine organification, hepatic steatosis, sarcopenia (muscle volume and density), demineralization of the thoracic and upper...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - March 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Pulmonary/Thoracic Source Type: research
Noncontrast Chest Computed Tomographic Imaging of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Part I Cardiovascular Findings
There are physiological consequences of overeating that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review article is to acquaint the reader with the current state of the art in the non–cardiac-gated, noncontrast chest computed tomographic (NCCT) imaging biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome and their prognostic significance found in the lower neck and chest. NCCT imaging biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome in the chest include premature coronary artery calcification, acceleration of large vessel arterial and valvular calcifications associated with atherosclerosis, and pulmonary arterial e...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - March 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Pulmonary/Thoracic Source Type: research
Measurement Variability in Treatment Response Determination for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Improvements Using Radiomics
Multimodality imaging measurements of treatment response are critical for clinical practice, oncology trials, and the evaluation of new treatment modalities. The current standard for determining treatment response in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on tumor size using the RECIST criteria. Molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies often cause morphological change without reduction of tumor size. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate therapeutic response by conventional methods. Radiomics is the study of cancer imaging features that are extracted using machine learning and other semantic features. This met...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - March 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Pulmonary/Thoracic Source Type: research
Effect of Reconstruction Parameters on the Quantitative Analysis of Chest Computed Tomography
Quantitative features obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans are being explored for clinical applications. Various classes of quantitative features exist for chest CT including radiomics features, emphysema measurements, lung nodule volumetric measurements, dual energy quantification, and perfusion parameters. A number of research articles have shown promise in diagnosis and prognosis prediction of oncologic patients or those with diffuse lung diseases using these feature classes. Nevertheless, a prerequisite for the quantification is the evaluation of variation in measurements in terms of repeatability and reproduci...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - March 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Pulmonary/Thoracic Source Type: research
Performance of Deep Learning Model in Detecting Operable Lung Cancer With Chest Radiographs
Conclusions:
A DLM has high diagnostic performance in detecting operable lung cancer with CXR, demonstrating a potential of playing a pivotal role for lung cancer screening. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - March 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Pulmonary/Thoracic Source Type: research
Deep Learning Applications in Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography: Current State of the Art
Deep learning is a genre of machine learning that allows computational models to learn representations of data with multiple levels of abstraction using numerous processing layers. A distinctive feature of deep learning, compared with conventional machine learning methods, is that it can generate appropriate models for tasks directly from the raw data, removing the need for human-led feature extraction. Medical images are particularly suited for deep learning applications. Deep learning techniques have already demonstrated high performance in the detection of diabetic retinopathy on fundoscopic images and metastatic breast...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - March 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Pulmonary/Thoracic Source Type: research
Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in Chest Imaging From the International Workshop for Pulmonary Functional Imaging (IWPFI): Context is Everything
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - March 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Axillary Chest Wall Hibernoma With Intrathoracic Extension Presenting as Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Hibernomas are rare benign soft tissue tumors derived from brown fat. This case report describes an axillary hibernoma with intrathoracic extension, presenting as a thoracic outlet syndrome. A multimodality imaging series illustrates the classic radiologic features of hibernoma as well as its highly unusual pattern of growth. The latter resulted in TOS with vascular displacement and osseous remodeling, features that are generally absent in lipomatous masses. Detailed preoperative imaging allowed to plan a single surgical procedure in which an extrathoracic axillary approach was combined with intrathoracic video-assisted th...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - December 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content-Pictorial Essay Source Type: research
Evaluation of Incidental Cardiac Masses on Computed Tomography Imaging: An Algorithmic Approach
Cardiac masses encountered on imaging may present a diagnostic dilemma when discovered incidentally, or even when they serve as the principal reason for the examination. In this review, we present an algorithmic approach for assessing cardiac masses by integrating clinical information with radiologic findings to reach a specific diagnosis or a narrow differential diagnosis. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - December 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content-Pictorial Essay Source Type: research
An Update on the European Lung Cancer Screening Trials and Comparison of Lung Cancer Screening Recommendations in Europe
While lung cancer screening has been implemented in the United States, it is still under consideration in Europe. So far, lung cancer screening trials in Europe were not able to replicate the results of the National Lung Screening Trial, but they do show a stage shift in the lung cancers that were detected. While eagerly awaiting the final result of the only lung cancer screening trial with sufficient statistical power, the NELSON trial, a number of European countries and medical societies have published recommendations for lung cancer screening using computed tomography. However, there is still a debate with regard to the...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - December 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Proximal Interruption of the Pulmonary Artery
Proximal interruption of the pulmonary artery (PIPA) is an uncommon developmental anomaly resulting in underdevelopment of the proximal portion of the pulmonary artery with preservation of the intrapulmonary segments. Clinical presentation ranges between an asymptomatic incidental finding to massive hemoptysis. When findings suggestive of PIPA are present radiographically, the diagnosis of PIPA can be definitively diagnosed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance pulmonary angiography. Other imaging modalities, such as nuclear perfusion scan and catheter angiography can help in the diagnosis. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - December 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of Extracardiac Findings in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Conclusions:
The detection of significant and major ECF is common during CMR reporting. The knowledge and the correct identification of most frequent ECF enable earlier diagnoses and faster treatment initiation of unknown extracardiac pathologies in patients referred to CMR imaging. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - December 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Imaging in Cardiac Risk Prediction Source Type: research
Detection of Calcified Aortic Plaques in an Apolipoprotein E Animal Model Using a Human Computed Tomography System for Ultra–High-resolution Imaging: A Feasibility Study
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of detecting calcified aortic plaques in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mice using a state-of-the-art human computed tomography (CT) system.
Materials and Methods:
Eleven ApoE-KO and 9 wild-type mice, all male, were examined in this study. After intraperitoneal injection of 6.6% ketamine all mice underwent 2 ultra–high-resolution CT protocols on a third-generation dual-source CT system at 120 kVp and 130 kVp tube voltage, both performed with a tube current time product of 1300 mAs. Images (0.4 mm) with an increment of 0.2â€...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - December 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Imaging in Cardiac Risk Prediction Source Type: research
Prognostic Value of Vascular Calcifications and Regional Fat Depots Derived From Conventional Chest Computed Tomography
Purpose:
The prognostic value of vascular calcifications as well as of regional fat depots has been reported separately, in population-based studies, and using gated-computed tomography (CT) examinations. We, therefore, explored the interplay and prognostic value of vascular calcifications and adipose tissue depots assessed during conventional nongated chest CT.
Materials and Methods:
We enrolled a consecutive series of 1250 patients aged between 35 and 74 years who underwent clinically indicated chest CT scans. We measured the extent of coronary artery calcification (CAC) using the segment-involvement score (CACSIS),...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - December 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Imaging in Cardiac Risk Prediction Source Type: research
Association of Serum Lipid Profile With Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography–derived Morphologic and Functional Quantitative Plaque Markers
Purpose:
Recent advances in image quality of coronary computed tomographic angiography (cCTA) have enabled improved characterization of coronary plaques. Thus, we investigated the association between quantitative morphological plaque markers obtained by cCTA and serum lipid levels in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease.
Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed data of 119 statin-naive patients (55±14 y, 66% men) who underwent clinically indicated cCTA between January 2013 and February 2017. Patients were subdivided into a plaque and a no-plaque group. Quantitative and morphologic plaq...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - December 19, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Imaging in Cardiac Risk Prediction Source Type: research
