Innovative and Contemporary Interventional Therapies for Esophageal Diseases
Esophageal surgery has become quite specialized, and both dedicated diagnostic and refined surgical techniques are required to deliver state-of-the-art care. The field has evolved to include endoscopic mucosal resection and radiofrequency ablation for early-stage esophageal cancer and minimally invasive esophagectomy with the reconstruction of a gastric conduit for carefully selected patients with esophageal cancer or those with “end-stage” esophagus from benign diseases. Reoperative esophageal surgery after esophagectomy deserves special mention given that these patients, with improved survival, are presenting years a...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 26, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Symposium: Imaging of Innovative and Contemporary Thoracic Interventions: State-of-the-Art Source Type: research
Imaging of Innovative and Contemporary Thoracic Interventions: State-of-the-Art
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - June 26, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Thoracic Manifestations of Genitourinary Neoplasms and Treatment-related Complications
Genitourinary (GU) malignancies are a diverse group of common and uncommon neoplasms that may be associated with significant mortality. Metastases from GU neoplasms are frequently encountered in the chest, and virtually all thoracic structures can be involved. Although the most common imaging manifestations include hematogenous dissemination manifesting with peripheral predominant bilateral pulmonary nodules and lymphatic metastases manifesting with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy, some GU malignancies exhibit unique features. We review the general patterns, pathways, and thoracic imaging features of renal, adrenal, ...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content-Review Articles Source Type: research
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cardiovascular Anomalies Associated With Turner Syndrome
Cardiovascular imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of congenital and acquired cardiovascular disease in patients with Turner syndrome. Cardiovascular defects in this population may affect a single component of the cardiovascular system or exist in combination with other anomalies, and, they may present early in life or remain occult into adulthood. Careful screening and surveillance imaging are necessary for the early detection and management of cardiovascular defects, especially in cases wherein early intervention may be necessary to prevent a serious cardiovascular outcome. It is crit...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content-Review Articles Source Type: research
Computed Tomography Appearance of Uncorrected Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
The incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) is about 4 to 10 per 1000 live births. While severe forms of CHD are usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood, milder and more survivable CHD may first manifest in the adult or may be discovered incidentally on imaging studies performed for other reasons. It is important to identify CHD in adults to implement appropriate treatment and prevent complications such as progression of pulmonary hypertension and development of heart failure. The goals of this article are to illustrate the appearance on computed tomography of various forms of uncorrected CHD in adults and describe t...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Web Exclusive Content-Pictorial Essay Source Type: research
Computed Tomography Imaging for Novel Therapies of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Novel therapeutic options in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) require delicate patient selection and thus demand for expert radiologists visually and quantitatively evaluating high-resolution computed tomography (CT) with additional functional acquisitions such as paired inspiratory-expiratory scans or dynamic airway CT. The differentiation between emphysema-dominant and airway-dominant COPD phenotypes by imaging has immediate clinical value for patient management. Assessment of emphysema severity, distribution patterns, and fissure integrity are essential for stratifying patients for different surgical and end...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: New Horizons in Cardiothoracic Imaging Source Type: research
Machine Learning and Deep Neural Networks in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Imaging
Advances in technology have always had the potential and opportunity to shape the practice of medicine, and in no medical specialty has technology been more rapidly embraced and adopted than radiology. Machine learning and deep neural networks promise to transform the practice of medicine, and, in particular, the practice of diagnostic radiology. These technologies are evolving at a rapid pace due to innovations in computational hardware and novel neural network architectures. Several cutting-edge postprocessing analysis applications are actively being developed in the fields of thoracic and cardiovascular imaging, includi...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: New Horizons in Cardiothoracic Imaging Source Type: research
Complications and Accuracy of Computed Tomography–guided Transthoracic Needle Biopsy in Patients Over 80 Years of Age
Conclusions:
PTNB is a safe and accurate procedure in patients aged 80 years and older. Complications and diagnostic accuracy are similar to those observed in younger patients. (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Screening and Lung Nodule Management Source Type: research
Added Value of Ultra–low-dose Computed Tomography, Dose Equivalent to Chest X-Ray Radiography, for Diagnosing Chest Pathology
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value of ultra–low-dose computed tomography (ULDCT) compared with chest x-ray radiography (CXR) for diagnosing chest pathology.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 200 patients referred for CXR by outpatient clinics or general practitioners were enrolled prospectively. They underwent CXR (posteroanterior and lateral) and ULDCT (120 kV, 3 mAs) on the same day. In-room time and effective dose were recorded for each examination. Studies were categorized whether they were diagnostic or not, relevant radiologic diagnostic findings were reported, and confiden...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Screening and Lung Nodule Management Source Type: research
Identification of Nonaggressive Pulmonary Nodules Using an Optimized Scoring System
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to define the optimal scoring method for identifying benign intrapulmonary lymph nodes.
Materials and Methods:
Subjects for this study were selected from the COPDGene study, a large multicenter longitudinal observational cohort study. A retrospective case-control analysis was performed using identified nodules on a subset of 377 patients who demonstrated 765 pulmonary nodules on their baseline computed tomography (CT) study. Nodule characteristics of 636 benign nodules (which resolved or showed (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Screening and Lung Nodule Management Source Type: research
Screening for Early Lung Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease (the Big-3) Using Low-dose Chest Computed Tomography: Current Evidence and Technical Considerations
Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease are highly prevalent in the general population and expected to cause most deaths by 2050. For these “Big-3,” treatment might cure, delay, or stop the progression of disease at a very early stage. Lung nodule growth rate (a biomarker for lung cancer), emphysema/air trapping (a biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and coronary artery calcification (a biomarker for cardiovascular disease) are imaging biomarkers of early stages of the Big-3 that can be acquired with low-dose computed tomography (CT). We hypothesize that a (combi...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Screening and Lung Nodule Management Source Type: research
Current Controversies in Cardiothoracic Imaging: Overdiagnosis at Lung Cancer Screening—Not So Bad After All—Counterpoint
Initially introduced into the medical literature in research publications from “Special Project #1” of the Council for Tobacco Research, the concept of overdiagnosed lung cancer (OD LC) has consistently served to misinform and confuse the medical community, contributing to interminable delays in implementation of population lung cancer screening. Estimates of overdiagnosis vary enormously (9.5% to 75%). Careful, judicious application of diagnostic algorithms and clinical practice guidelines prevents overtreatment of potentially OD LC and offers a safe and effective method to prevent tens of thousands of LC-related deat...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Current Controversiers in Cardiothoracic Imaging Source Type: research
Current Controversies in Cardiothoracic Imaging: Low-dose Computerized Tomographic Overdiagnosis of Lung Cancer is Substantial; Its Consequences are Underappreciated—Point
Lung cancer seems an ideal screening candidate because of its frequency and lethality, its well-known risk factors, and because it can often be identified at a curable stage with noninvasive procedures. The lethality of clinically diagnosed lung cancers rendered the possibility of material overdiagnosis (OD) (by means of screening) implausible in the judgment of experienced clinicians. Increased experience with lung cancer screening trials, which showed an excess of cases in screened versus control cohorts, led to broader acceptance of its existence. The magnitude of OD and the appropriate methodology for its assessment ar...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Current Controversiers in Cardiothoracic Imaging Source Type: research
Overdiagnosis: “A Malformed Concept”
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - April 20, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Current Controversiers in Cardiothoracic Imaging Source Type: research
New Developments in Imaging Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis With Hyperpolarized Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive pulmonary disease that is ultimately fatal. Although the diagnosis of IPF has been revolutionized by high-resolution computed tomography, this imaging modality still exhibits significant limitations, particularly in assessing disease progression and therapy response. The need for noninvasive regional assessment has become more acute in light of recently introduced novel therapies and numerous others in the pipeline. Thus, it will likely be valuable to complement 3-dimensional imaging of lung structure with 3-dimensional regional assessment of function. This challenge is ...
Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging - March 1, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Pulmonary/Thoracic Source Type: research
