Chemotherapy initiation with single-course methotrexate alone or combined with dactinomycin versus multi-course methotrexate for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a multi-centric randomized clinical trial
AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of single-course initial regimens in patients with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). In this trial (NCT01823315), 276 patients were analyzed. Patients were allocated to three initiated regimens: single-course methotrexate (MTX), single-course MTX + dactinomycin (ACTD), and multi-course MTX (control arm). The primary endpoint was the complete remission (CR) rate by initial drug(s). The primary CR rate was 64.4% with multi-course MTX in the control arm. For the single-course MTX arm, the CR rate was 35.8% by one course; it increased to 59.3% after su...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - June 28, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Outcomes of haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in patients with severe aplastic anemia-II that progressed from non-severe acquired aplastic anemia
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of haplo-BMT for patients with SAA-II. Twenty-two patients were included and followed up, and FLU/BU/CY/ATG was used as conditioning regimen. Among these patients, 21 were successfully engrafted, 19 of whom survived after haplo-BMT. Four patients experienced grade II –IV aGvHD, including two with grade III–IV aGvHD. Six patients experienced chronic GvHD, among whom four were mild and two were moderate. Twelve patients experienced infections during BMT. One was diagnosed with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and one with probable EBV disease, and both recovered af...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - June 25, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation for chronic stroke: system design and clinical application
AbstractStroke is one of the most serious diseases that threaten human life and health. It is a major cause of death and disability in the clinic. New strategies for motor rehabilitation after stroke are undergoing exploration. We aimed to develop a novel artificial neural rehabilitation system, which integrates brain-computer interface (BCI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) technologies, for limb motor function recovery after stroke. We conducted clinical trials (including controlled trials) in 32 patients with chronic stroke. Patients were randomly divided into the BCI-FES group and the neuromuscular electrica...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - June 22, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
FMO3-TMAO axis modulates the clinical outcome in chronic heart-failure patients with reduced ejection fraction: evidence from an Asian population
AbstractThe association among plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO),FMO3 polymorphisms, and chronic heart failure (CHF) remains to be elucidated. TMAO is a microbiota-dependent metabolite from dietary choline and carnitine. A prospective study was performed including 955 consecutively diagnosed CHF patients with reduced ejection fraction, with the longest follow-up of 7 years. The concentrations of plasma TMAO and its precursors, namely, choline and carnitine, were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the FMO3 E158K polymorphisms (rs2266782) were genotyped. The top tertile of plasma TMAO was associated...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - June 22, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Orlistat induces ferroptosis-like cell death of lung cancer cells
In this study, we tested the anticancer activity of orlistat, an FDA-approved anti-obesity drug, in human and mouse cancer cellsin vitro andin vivo, and we found that orlistat, as a single agent, inhibited the proliferation and viabilities of lung cancer cells and induced ferroptosis-like cell deathin vitro. Mechanistically, we found that orlistat reduced the expression of GPX4, a central ferroptosis regulator, and induced lipid peroxidation. In addition, we systemically analyzed the genome-wide gene expression changes affected by orlistat treatment using RNA-seq and identified FAF2, a molecule regulating the lipid droplet...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - June 4, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Antibiotic resistome of Salmonella typhi: molecular determinants for the emergence of drug resistance
AbstractResistome is a cluster of microbial genes encoding proteins with necessary functions to resist the action of antibiotics. Resistome governs essential and separate biological functions to develop resistance against antibiotics. The widespread clinical and nonclinical uses of antibiotics over the years have combined to select antibiotic-resistant determinants and develop resistome in bacteria. At present, the emergence of drug resistance because of resistome is a significant problem faced by clinicians for the treatment ofSalmonella infection. Antibiotic resistome is a dynamic and ever-expanding component inSalmonell...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - June 4, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Low-carbohydrate diets lead to greater weight loss and better glucose homeostasis than exercise: a randomized clinical trial
This study enrolled adults with overweight or obesity to explore whether either low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) or exercise is more effective in metabolism improvement. Forty-five eligible subjects were randomly divided into an LCD group (n = 22) and an exercise group (EX,n = 23). The subjects either adopted LCD (carbohydrate intake< 50 g/day) or performed moderate-to-vigorous exercise ( ⩾ 30 min/day) for 3 weeks. After the interventions, LCD led to a larger weight loss than EX ( – 3.56 ± 0.37 kg vs. – 1.24 ± 0.39 kg,P< 0.001), as well as a larger reduction in fat mass ( – 2.10 ± 0.18 kg vs. – 1.25 ± 0.24 k...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - June 1, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Identification of COL3A1 variants associated with sporadic thoracic aortic dissection: a case-control study
AbstractThoracic aortic dissection (TAD) without familial clustering or syndromic features is known as sporadic TAD (STAD). So far, the genetic basis of STAD remains unknown. Whole exome sequencing was performed in 223 STAD patients and 414 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population (N = 637). After population structure and genetic relationship and ancestry analyses, we used the optimal sequence kernel association test to identify the candidate genes or variants of STAD. We found thatCOL3A1 was significantly relevant to STAD (P = 7.35 × 10−6) after 10 000 times permutation test (P = 2.49 × 10−3). Moreover, anot...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - May 28, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity: a role of ATP
AbstractObesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes through the induction of insulin resistance. The mechanism of insulin resistance has been extensively investigated for more than 60 years, but the essential pathogenic signal remains missing. Existing hypotheses include inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. Drug discoveries based on these hypotheses are unsuccessful in the development of new medicines. In this review, multidisciplinary literature is integrated to evaluate ATP as a primary signal for insulin resistance. The ATP production is elevate...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - May 28, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Challenges and opportunities in improving left ventricular remodelling and clinical outcome following surgical and trans-catheter aortic valve replacement
AbstractOver the last half century, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) has evolved to offer a durable and efficient valve haemodynamically, with low procedural complications that allows favourable remodelling of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. The latter has become more challenging among elderly patients, particularly following trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Precise understanding of myocardial adaptation to pressure and volume overloading and its responses to valve surgery requires comprehensive assessments from aortic valve energy loss, valvular-vascular impedance to myocardial activa...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - May 28, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Advances in tissue state recognition in spinal surgery: a review
This article reviews the progress of different tissue state recognition methods in spinal surgery and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages. (Source: Frontiers of Medicine)
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - May 15, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Clinical applications of neurolinguistics in neurosurgery
AbstractThe protection of language function is one of the major challenges of brain surgery. Over the past century, neurosurgeons have attempted to seek the optimal strategy for the preoperative and intraoperative identification of language-related brain regions. Neurosurgeons have investigated the neural mechanism of language, developed neurolinguistics theory, and provided unique evidence to further understand the neural basis of language functions by using intraoperative cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation. With the emergence of modern neuroscience techniques and dramatic advances in language models over the...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - May 12, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Research progress on FASN and MGLL in the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism and the relationship between tumor invasion and metastasis
This article introduces the structures and functions of FASN and MGLL, their relationship with abnormal lipid metabolism, and the mechanism of the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis and reviews the research progress of the relationship of FASN and MGLL with tumor invasion and metastasis. (Source: Frontiers of Medicine)
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - May 11, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies present new prospects to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections
AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused global public health and economic crises. Thus, new therapeutic strategies and effective vaccines are urgently needed to cope with this severe pandemic. The development of a broadly neutralizing antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the attractive treatment strategies for COVID-19. Currently, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein is the main target of neutralizing antibodies when SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells through an interaction between the S protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ex...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - April 28, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Effects of Shuanghuanglian oral liquids on patients with COVID-19: a randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled, multicenter clinical trial
This study illustrated that SHL in combination with standard care was safe and partially effective for the treatment of COVID-19. (Source: Frontiers of Medicine)
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - April 28, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
