Astrocytes in depression and Alzheimer ’s disease
AbstractAstrocytes are an abundant subgroup of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play a critical role in controlling neuronal circuits involved in emotion, learning, and memory. In clinical cases, multiple chronic brain diseases may cause psychosocial and cognitive impairment, such as depression and Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). For years, complex pathological conditions driven by depression and AD have been widely perceived to contribute to a high risk of disability, resulting in gradual loss of self-care ability, lower life qualities, and vast burden on human society. Interestingly, correlational resear ch on...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - November 23, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Interactions between remote ischemic conditioning and post-stroke sleep regulation
AbstractSleep disturbances are common in patients with stroke, and sleep quality has a critical role in the onset and outcome of stroke. Poor sleep exacerbates neurological injury, impedes nerve regeneration, and elicits serious complications. Thus, exploring a therapy suitable for patients with stroke and sleep disturbances is imperative. As a multi-targeted nonpharmacological intervention, remote ischemic conditioning can reduce the ischemic size of the brain, improve the functional outcome of stroke, and increase sleep duration. Preclinical/clinical evidence showed that this method can inhibit the inflammatory response,...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - November 23, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
18F-FDG-PET glucose hypometabolism pattern in patients with epileptogenic hypothalamic hamartoma
In conclusion, the glucose hypometabolism pattern in patients with epileptogenic HH involved the neocortex, subcortical regions, and cerebellum. The characteristics of glucose hypometabolism differed across seizure type and sex. Reductions in glucose metabolism and structural changes may be based on different mechanisms, but both are likely to occur ipsilateral to the HH in the neocortex. We hypothesized that the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract and cerebro-ponto-cerebellar tract, which are responsible for intercommunication between the cerebral cortex, subcortical regions, and cerebellar regions, may be involved in a pathway ...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - November 23, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Abivertinib inhibits megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet biogenesis
AbstractAbivertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is originally designed to target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations. Previous studies have shown that abivertinib has promising antitumor activity and a well-tolerated safety profile in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. However, abivertinib also exhibited high inhibitory activity against Bruton ’s tyrosine kinase and Janus kinase 3. Given that these kinases play some roles in the progression of megakaryopoiesis, we speculate that abivertinib can affect megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and platelet biogenesis. We treated...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - November 18, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Fanconi anemia gene-associated germline predisposition in aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancies
AbstractWhether Fanconi anemia (FA) heterozygotes are predisposed to bone marrow failure and hematologic neoplasm is a crucial but unsettled issue in cancer prevention and family consulting. We retrospectively analyzed rare possibly significant variations (PSVs) in the five most obligated FA genes,BRCA2, FANCA, FANCC, FANCD2, andFANCG, in 788 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and hematologic malignancy. Sixty-eight variants were identified in 66 patients (8.38%).FANCA was the most frequently mutated gene (n = 29), followed byBRCA2 (n = 20). Compared with that of the ExAC East Asian dataset, the overall frequency of rare P...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - November 6, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Phase I study of CBM.CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell in the treatment of refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Chinese patients
AbstractAnti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown impressive efficacy in treating B-cell malignancies. A single-center phase I dose-escalation study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of T cells transduced with CBM.CD19 CAR, a second-generation anti-CD19 CAR bearing 4-1BB costimulatory molecule, for the treatment of patients with refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Ten heavily treated patients with refractory DLBCL were given CBM.CD19 CAR-T cell (C-CAR011) treatment. The overall response rate was 20% and 50% at 4 and 12 weeks after the infusion of C-CAR011, respectively...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - November 2, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Effectiveness of quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes in China: findings from the Shanghai Integration Model (SIM)
In conclusion, nearly 50% and one-third of the patients with diabetes met the target levels for HbA1c and LDL-c, respectively, with a low percentage achieving the BP target level. The percentage of patients who achieved all three target levels needs significant improvement. (Source: Frontiers of Medicine)
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - October 27, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Chidamide inhibits the NOTCH1-MYC signaling axis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AbstractT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is one of the most dangerous hematological malignancies, with high tumor heterogeneity and poor prognosis. More than 60% of T-ALL patients carryNOTCH1 gene mutations, leading to abnormal expression of downstream target genes and aberrant activation of various signaling pathways. We found that chidamide, an HDAC inhibitor, exerts an antitumor effect on T-ALL cell lines and primary cells including an anti-NOTCH1 activity. In particular, chidamide inhibits the NOTCH1-MYC signaling axis by down-regulating the level of the intracellular form of NOTCH1 (NICD1) as well as MYC, p...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Characterization of chromatin accessibility in psoriasis
AbstractThe pathological hallmarks of psoriasis involve alterations in T cell genes associated with transcriptional levels, which are determined by chromatin accessibility. However, to what extent these alterations in T cell transcriptional levels recapitulate the epigenetic features of psoriasis remains unknown. Here, we systematically profiled chromatin accessibility on Th1, Th2, Th1-17, Th17, and Treg cells and found that chromatin remodeling contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of the disease. The chromatin remodeling tendency of different subtypes of Th cells were relatively consistent. Next, we profiled chro...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Rapamycin enhances the anti-tumor activity of cabozantinib in cMet inhibitor-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma
In conclusion, our findings uncover a potential combination therapy of cabozantinib and rapamycin to combat cabozantinib-resistant HCC. (Source: Frontiers of Medicine)
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Understanding risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination
(Source: Frontiers of Medicine)
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - September 30, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Biosensor-based assay of exosome biomarker for early diagnosis of cancer
AbstractCancer imposes a severe threat to people ’s health and lives, thus pressing a huge medical and economic burden on individuals and communities. Therefore, early diagnosis of cancer is indispensable in the timely prevention and effective treatment for patients. Exosome has recently become an attractive cancer biomarker in noninvasive early diagnosis because of the unique physiology and pathology functions, which reflects remarkable information regarding the cancer microenvironment, and plays an important role in the occurrence and evolution of cancer. Meanwhile, biosensors have gained great attention for the detect...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - September 27, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Primary cilia in hard tissue development and diseases
AbstractBone and teeth are hard tissues. Hard tissue diseases have a serious effect on human survival and quality of life. Primary cilia are protrusions on the surfaces of cells. As antennas, they are distributed on the membrane surfaces of almost all mammalian cell types and participate in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis. Mutations in cilium-related genes result in a variety of developmental and even lethal diseases. Patients with multiple ciliary gene mutations present overt changes in the skeletal system, suggesting that primary cilia are involved in hard tissue development and reconstructio...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - September 13, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Paternal environmental exposure-induced spermatozoal small noncoding RNA alteration meditates the intergenerational epigenetic inheritance of multiple diseases
AbstractStudies of human and mammalian have revealed that environmental exposure can affect paternal health conditions as well as those of the offspring. However, studies that explore the mechanisms that meditate this transmission are rare. Recently, small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in sperm have seemed crucial to this transmission due to their alteration in sperm in response to environmental exposure, and the methodology of microinjection of isolated total RNA or sncRNAs or synthetically identified sncRNAs gradually lifted the veil of sncRNA regulation during intergenerational inheritance along the male line. Hence, by revi...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - September 13, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Preclinical characterization and comparison between CD3/CD19 bispecific and novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibodies against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: targeted immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AbstractThe CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab has shown remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, several studies showed that blinatumomab has a short plasma half-life due to its low molecular weight, and thus its clinical use is limited. Furthermore, multiple trials have shown that approximately 30% of blinatumomab-relapsed cases are characterized by CD19 negative leukemic cells. Here, we design and characterize two novel antibodies, A-319 and A-2019. Blinatumomab and A-319 are CD3/CD19 bispecific antibodies with different molecular...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - August 31, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
