Prediction of antipsychotics efficacy based on a polygenic risk score: a real-world cohort study
Conclusion: PRSresponse defined from GWAS studies is significantly associated with response to antipsychotics in a real-world cohort; however, the results of the sensitivity-specificity analysis preclude its use as a predictive tool in clinical practice. (Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology)
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in pain
Pain is a clinical condition that is currently of great concern and is often caused by tissue or nerve damage or occurs as a concomitant symptom of a variety of diseases such as cancer. Severe pain seriously affects the functional status of the body. However, existing pain management programs are not fully satisfactory. Therefore, there is a need to delve deeper into the pathological mechanisms underlying pain generation and to find new targets for drug therapy. Sphingolipids (SLs), as a major component of the bilayer structure of eukaryotic cell membranes, also have powerful signal transduction functions. Sphingolipids ar...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Integrated chemical characterization, metabolite profiling, and pharmacokinetics analysis of Zhijun Tangshen Decoction by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS
In conclusion, this study revealed the chemical basis underlying the complexity of ZJTSD and investigated the metabolite profiling and pharmacokinetics of ZJTSD-related xenobiotics in rats, thus providing a foundation for further investigation into the pharmacodynamic substance basis and metabolic regulations of ZJTSD. (Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology)
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
AKR1C3 in carcinomas: from multifaceted roles to therapeutic strategies
Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3 (AKR1C3), also known as type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD5) or prostaglandin F (PGF) synthase, functions as a pivotal enzyme in androgen biosynthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of weak androgens, estrone (a weak estrogen), and PGD2 into potent androgens (testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone), 17β-estradiol (a potent estrogen), and 11β-PGF2α, respectively. Elevated levels of AKR1C3 activate androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway, contributing to tumor recurrence and imparting resistance to cancer therapies. The overexpression of AKR1C3 serves as an oncogenic...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Research progress on the PEGylation of therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs)
With the rapid advancement of genetic and protein engineering, proteins and peptides have emerged as promising drug molecules for therapeutic applications. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in the field of chemical modification technology to address challenges associated with their clinical use, including rapid clearance from circulation, immunogenicity, physical and chemical instabilities (such as aggregation, adsorption, deamination, clipping, oxidation, etc.), and enzymatic degradation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification offers an effective solution to these issues due to its favorable properties. This...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Current trends and emerging patterns in the application of nanomaterials for ovarian cancer research: a bibliometric analysis
Conclusion: Through comprehensive analyses, an overview of current research trends and emerging areas of interest regarding the application of nanomaterials in ovarian cancer was illustrated. These findings offered valuable insights into the status and future directions of this dynamic field. (Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology)
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Efficacy and safety of levosimendan in patients with sepsis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Conclusion: The existing evidence suggests that levosimendan can significantly improve CI and lactate levels in patients with sepsis, and levosimendan at 0.1 µg/kg/min might be the optimal dose. Unfortunately, all interventions in this study failed to reduce the 28-day mortality.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023441220. (Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology)
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
The anti-cholestatic effects of Coptis chinensis Franch. alone and combined with Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley: dual effects on fecal metabolism and microbial diversity
Conclusion: CF dose influences its anti-cholestatic efficacy. The combination with TR had synergistic or antagonistic effects on the properties of CF, perhaps by altering fecal metabolism and fecal microbial homeostasis. (Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology)
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Clinical aspects of reimbursement policies for orphan drugs in Central and Eastern European countries
Conclusion: We found that there are differences among CEE countries in the reimbursement of orphan drugs, and we identified aspects that may influence these differences. Safety, efficacy, and specific clinical aspect issues significantly influenced reimbursement decisions. Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents drugs were the largest group of ODs and increased the chance of getting a positive recommendation. The higher GDP per inhabitant and healthcare expenditures per inhabitant were positively linked to the chance that an OD receives reimbursement. (Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology)
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Case report: Successful induction of buprenorphine in medically complex patients concurrently on opioids: a case series at a tertiary care center
Effective pain management is essential for optimal surgical outcomes; however, it can be challenging in patients with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD). Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, is a valuable treatment option for patients with OUD. Initiating buprenorphine treatment in patients concurrently taking opioids can be complex due to potential adverse outcomes like precipitated withdrawal. Evolving guidelines suggest there are benefits to continuing buprenorphine for surgical patients throughout the perioperative period, however situations do arise when buprenorphine has been discontinued. Typically, in this ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory bioactive hits from Coriaria intermedia Matsum. stem and Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe bark through bioassay-guided fractionation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
This study aimed to determine potential anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory bioactive hits from Coriaria intermedia Matsum. stem and Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe bark. A bioassay-guided fractionation framework was used to generate bioactive fractions from C. intermedia stem and D. dao bark. Subsequently, dereplication through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and database searching was performed to putatively identify the components of one bioactive fraction from each plant. Seven compounds were putatively identified from the C. intermedia stem active fracti...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Insights into the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: current and emerging therapeutic approaches
Glioblastoma (GB) is an intrusive and recurrent primary brain tumor with low survivability. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the stemness and proliferation of GB. The tumor microenvironment induces tumor heterogeneity of cancer cells by facilitating clonal evolution and promoting multidrug resistance, leading to cancer cell progression and metastasis. It also plays an important role in angiogenesis to nourish the hypoxic tumor environment. There is a strong interaction of neoplastic cells with their surrounding microenvironment that comprise several immune and non-immune cellular comp...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Arachidonic acid metabolism as a therapeutic target in AKI-to-CKD transition
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a main component of cell membrane lipids. AA is mainly metabolized by three enzymes: cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Esterified AA is hydrolysed by phospholipase A2 into a free form that is further metabolized by COX, LOX and CYP450 to a wide range of bioactive mediators, including prostaglandins, lipoxins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress is considered to be a central mechanism in the pathophysiology of the kidney. Along with increased oxidative stress, apoptosis,...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Coniferyl ferulate alleviate xylene-caused hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell toxicity by Mgst2
Xylene exposure is known to induce toxicity in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), leading to bone marrow suppression and potential leukemogenesis. However, research on the gene expression profiles associated with xylene-induced toxicity in HSPCs, and effective therapeutic interventions, remains scarce. In our study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to capture the transcriptomic shifts within bone marrow HSPCs both prior to and following treatment with coniferyl ferulate (CF) in a mouse model of xylene-induced hematotoxicity. Subsequently, we pinpointed CF as a targeted agent using SPR-LC/MS analysis. Th...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 8, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Identification and validation of prognostic and immunotherapeutic responses in esophageal squamous carcinoma based on hypoxia phenotype-related genes
The study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of the interaction between hypoxia and the immune system in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) microenvironment. A comprehensive evaluation of 13 hypoxia phenotype-related genes (HPRs) was conducted using data from TCGA-ESCC and two GEO cohorts. Three distinct HPRclusters were identified, and the HPRscore was established as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.001), with higher scores indicating poorer prognosis. The HPRscore was validated in various immunotherapy cohorts, demonstrating its efficacy in evaluating immunotherapy and chemotherapy outcomes. Add...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 7, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
