Reducing Risks for Poor Surgical Wound Healing
This review summarizes common risk factors for poor surgical healing on the face and neck and a generalized approach to treating a delayed healing wound. During the preoperative evaluation patients should be screened for prior irradiation, cigarette or e-cigarette use, chronic steroid use, alcoholism, diabetes, malnutrition, and other chronic medical conditions and medications. Despite the surgeon ’s best efforts to prevent poor surgical healing, some wounds may display signs of persistent inflammation. The facial plastic surgeon should be astute in recognizing delayed healing and identifying intrinsic and extrinsic risk...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David B. Hom, Morgan E. Davis Source Type: research

Reducing Risks of Facial Scarring
Risk factors for the formation of facial scars include skin type, ethnicity, scar location, and certain medical conditions that contribute to poor or delayed healing. Risk of scar can be reduced with appropriate surgical planning, including proper placement and design of incisions, meticulous skin closure, aseptic technique, and wound care to improve healing. Common pathologic scars include hypertrophic scars and keloid scars, each of which has unique approaches to surgical revision and medical treatment due to their respective risks of recurrence. Topical scar therapies, medical therapies, and surgical revision techniques...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David B. Hom, Jeffrey D. Bernstein Source Type: research

Reducing Surgical Risks in the Rhinoplasty Patient
Reducing complications after rhinoplasty is critical to ensuring optimal functional, aesthetic, and patient satisfaction outcomes. Many of the most frequent complications of rhinoplasty are technical in nature and can be prevented with meticulous attention to detail and preservation of critical nasal support structures. In this article, the authors review many of the common pitfalls of rhinoplasty and discuss preventative measures that can be used by the competent rhinoplasty surgeon. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Deborah Watson, Kayva L. Crawford Source Type: research

Reducing Risks for Local Skin Flap Failure
Local tissue flaps are a fundamental technique in cutaneous reconstruction. Reducing the risk of flap failure is of critical importance. The intrinsic vascularity of a flap is the most important determinant of success. Good surgical techniques, including flap design, delicate tissue handling, and tension-less closure, help reduce the risk of flap compromise. Determining the etiology of compromise, including arterial, venous, hematologic, or infectious, is the first step in salvaging a failing flap. Common causes include pedicle kinking, hematoma, pressure/tension, systemic patient factors, and poor surgical technique. Swif...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David B. Hom, Benjamin T. Ostrander Source Type: research

Reducing Legal Risks and Social Media Issues for Cosmetic Surgery
It is important to understand the legal malpractice risks and strategies to reduce them in facial plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures and the use of social media introduces additional risks that should be considered by practicing facial plastic surgeons. Strategies should be implemented to protect yourself and your patients, which include an emphasis on informed consent as it relates to using photos on social media platforms, removing photos from social media, and addressing online reviews. By understanding the risks and using adequate strategies, facial plastic surgeons can minimize the risk of litigation when performing...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Tyler Marion, Tyler Werbel, Abel Torres Source Type: research

Foreword: Risk
If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle. —Sun Tzu, The Art of War (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Anthony P. Sclafani Source Type: research

Reducing Risks in Surgical Facial Plastic Procedures
FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David B. Hom, Deborah Watson Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Contributors
ANTHONY P. SCLAFANI, MD, MBA, FACS (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Contents
Anthony P. Sclafani (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Gender Facial Affirmation Surgery (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Reducing Surgical Risks for Hair Replacement Surgery
Hair loss is a common problem among men and women. Hair replacement surgery (HRS) has become increasingly popular as technological advancements have been made producing remarkably natural results when performed by a skilled surgeon. Although complications from HRS are low compared with other esthetic surgeries, they can still occur even with the best-trained and qualified surgeon or staff. The process of hair restoration can be a long road for some patients and active patient participation and education is key for successful results. In this article, we seek to discuss the surgical risks of HRS and discuss methods to preve...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - February 27, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Daniel E. Rousso, Jaclyn A. Klimczak Source Type: research

Reducing Risks for a Dissatisfied Patient in Facial Cosmetic Surgery
Patient selection in aesthetic surgery is the ultimate inexact science, a mixture of surgical judgment, expertise, ego, gut feelings, personality interactions, and a spin of the roulette wheel. Using our procedural skills as well as our interpersonal skills will enhance our professional satisfaction and improve the quality of life for others as we try to reduce the likelihood of dissatisfaction, both for our patients and ourselves. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - February 26, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Donn R. Chatham Source Type: research

Reducing Risks of Graft Failure for Composite Skin –Cartilage Grafts
Facial skin defects pose unique challenges for the reconstructive surgeon. Aesthetically complex areas involving a free margin —such as the ear, eyelid, columella, columella–lobule interface, soft tissue triangle, alar rim, and internal nasal lining—are particularly demanding, as secondary soft tissue contracture in these locations can lead to a very poor cosmetic outcome. In these cases, composite grafts offer an ide al combination of soft tissue coverage and structural rigidity, all accomplished in a single-stage surgery. Composite grafts are often underused in facial reconstructive surgery due to the tenuous blood...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - February 26, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Alisa Yamasaki, Sarah M. Dermody, Jeffrey S. Moyer Source Type: research

Reducing Risk in Facial Reanimation Surgery
Facial reanimation surgery can greatly improve quality of life, but these procedures are not without risk. Important considerations for risk reduction in facial reanimation surgery include preoperative risk-stratification, protecting patients ’ clinical media, clearly and thoroughly setting expectations, and intraoperative strategies to maximize technical success and minimize operative time. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - February 26, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Tammy B. Pham, Jacqueline J. Greene Source Type: research