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Gender Facial Affirmation Surgery
You could leave life right now. Let that determine what you do and say and think. —Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Meditations (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 20, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Anthony P. Sclafani Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Gender Facial Affirmation Surgery
Cheek augmentation is frequently used in facial feminization surgery. Options for augmentation include both surgical and nonsurgical techniques, such as autologous and non-autologous injections, implants, and osteotomies. Cheek augmentation can be combined with other facial procedures. Complications of cheek augmentation include malposition, resorption, asymmetry, and unfavorable cosmetic results. Cheek augmentation should be considered as part of an overall facial feminizing plan. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 19, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Brielle Weinstein, Brandon Alba, Amir Dorafshar, Loren Schechter Source Type: research

Chondrolaryngoplasty
is a surgical procedure that reduces the prominence of the thyroid notch. Although frequently performed on transgender (man to woman) women, anyone wishing to reduce the prominence of their thyroid notch for aesthetic purposes may consider undergoing a chondrolaryngoplasty. Direct visualization of the vocal cords with flexible laryngoscopy and intraoperative needle localization of the anterior commissure directs the extent of resection, helps increase safety, and avoids devastating postoperative voice complications. This procedure can be safely performed in combination with other facial feminization surgeries. (Source: Fa...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 16, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Katherine Nicole Vandenberg, Michal Jakub Plocienniczak, Jeffrey Howard Spiegel Source Type: research

Getting to Yes
This article aims to describe the insurance coverage and approval challenges related to facial feminization surgery and to provide guidance for surgeons and their practice administrators on how to obtain successful preauthorization/predetermination, single case agreements, and proper claim adjudication. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 16, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jacob E. Kuperstock Source Type: research

Forehead Contouring
The upper third of the face has an important effect on gendering patients. Forehead contouring modifying a masculine face to a more feminine form is most likely to affect the gender assessment of an individual's face. Contouring involves techniques such as forehead reduction or augmentation, orbital contouring, and hairline adjustment. Traditionally, surgeons have utilized an open technique, though newer innovations such as endoscopic procedures and custom implants provide an alternative for patients with mild defects. Forehead contouring procedures are well tolerated with minimal side effects reported despite the proximit...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 12, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Nikita Gupta, Carly Clark Source Type: research

Reducing Risks for Poor Surgical Wound Healing
This review summarizes common risk factors for poor surgical healing on the face and neck and a generalized approach to treating a delayed healing wound. During the preoperative evaluation patients should be screened for prior irradiation, cigarette or e-cigarette use, chronic steroid use, alcoholism, diabetes, malnutrition, and other chronic medical conditions and medications. Despite the surgeon ’s best efforts to prevent poor surgical healing, some wounds may display signs of persistent inflammation. The facial plastic surgeon should be astute in recognizing delayed healing and identifying intrinsic and extrinsic risk...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David B. Hom, Morgan E. Davis Source Type: research

Reducing Risks of Facial Scarring
Risk factors for the formation of facial scars include skin type, ethnicity, scar location, and certain medical conditions that contribute to poor or delayed healing. Risk of scar can be reduced with appropriate surgical planning, including proper placement and design of incisions, meticulous skin closure, aseptic technique, and wound care to improve healing. Common pathologic scars include hypertrophic scars and keloid scars, each of which has unique approaches to surgical revision and medical treatment due to their respective risks of recurrence. Topical scar therapies, medical therapies, and surgical revision techniques...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David B. Hom, Jeffrey D. Bernstein Source Type: research

Reducing Surgical Risks in the Rhinoplasty Patient
Reducing complications after rhinoplasty is critical to ensuring optimal functional, aesthetic, and patient satisfaction outcomes. Many of the most frequent complications of rhinoplasty are technical in nature and can be prevented with meticulous attention to detail and preservation of critical nasal support structures. In this article, the authors review many of the common pitfalls of rhinoplasty and discuss preventative measures that can be used by the competent rhinoplasty surgeon. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Deborah Watson, Kayva L. Crawford Source Type: research

Reducing Risks for Local Skin Flap Failure
Local tissue flaps are a fundamental technique in cutaneous reconstruction. Reducing the risk of flap failure is of critical importance. The intrinsic vascularity of a flap is the most important determinant of success. Good surgical techniques, including flap design, delicate tissue handling, and tension-less closure, help reduce the risk of flap compromise. Determining the etiology of compromise, including arterial, venous, hematologic, or infectious, is the first step in salvaging a failing flap. Common causes include pedicle kinking, hematoma, pressure/tension, systemic patient factors, and poor surgical technique. Swif...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David B. Hom, Benjamin T. Ostrander Source Type: research

Reducing Legal Risks and Social Media Issues for Cosmetic Surgery
It is important to understand the legal malpractice risks and strategies to reduce them in facial plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures and the use of social media introduces additional risks that should be considered by practicing facial plastic surgeons. Strategies should be implemented to protect yourself and your patients, which include an emphasis on informed consent as it relates to using photos on social media platforms, removing photos from social media, and addressing online reviews. By understanding the risks and using adequate strategies, facial plastic surgeons can minimize the risk of litigation when performing...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Tyler Marion, Tyler Werbel, Abel Torres Source Type: research

Foreword: Risk
If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle. —Sun Tzu, The Art of War (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Anthony P. Sclafani Source Type: research

Reducing Risks in Surgical Facial Plastic Procedures
FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: David B. Hom, Deborah Watson Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Contributors
ANTHONY P. SCLAFANI, MD, MBA, FACS (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Contents
Anthony P. Sclafani (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - March 30, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research