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The Spectrum of Aesthetic Canthal Suspension
Aesthetic canthal suspension can be an effective adjunct to lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Understanding the anatomy and function of the lateral canthal tendon is critical for preoperative evaluation and surgical decision making. In this article, the authors discuss the lateral canthal terminology, anatomy, and aging changes. Various canthal suspension procedures, including open and closed canthal suspension, commissure sparing open canthoplasty, and canthopexy, are described. Finally, the preoperative evaluation, postoperative course, and complications of surgery are reviewed. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Yao Wang, John B. Holds, Raymond S. Douglas, Guy G. Massry Source Type: research

The Treatment of Post-blepharoplasty Lower Eyelid Retraction
Numerous solutions for post-blepharoplasty lower eyelid retraction are reviewed. Patients require permanent recruitment of skin and soft tissue to lengthen the lower eyelid and control of the lower eyelid shape. The authors use a hand-carved expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) implant held with microscrews to provide volume and felting material at the orbital rim and to permanently fix vertically lifted cheek soft tissue into the lower eyelid. The eyelid margin is also controlled with a hard palate graft inset into the conjunctival surface below the tarsus. This eyelid reconstruction avoids tension on the lateral cant...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Kenneth D. Steinsapir, Samantha Steinsapir Source Type: research

Nonsurgical Light and Energy –Based Devices
Periorbital rejuvenation is a common reason for patients to seek cosmetic treatment. There are several nonsurgical light and energy –based devices available to treat various aspects of periorbital rejuvenation without risks of an invasive, surgical procedure. Although ablative laser resurfacing appears to offer the most impressive clinical improvements, nonablative devices result in noticeable cosmetic improvement with more fa vorable side-effect profiles and shorter recovery times. The specific modality selected for periorbital rejuvenation should be tailored to patients’ individual characteristics, preferences, and a...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Kerry Heitmiller, Christina Ring, Nazanin Saedi, Brian Biesman Source Type: research

Transcutaneous Blepharoplasty with Volume Preservation
We present the indications, advantages, and technique for volumizing transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty with fat transposition. The absolute and relative contraindications to transcutaneous surgery are discussed, and surgical details of transconjunctival blepharoplasty with fat repositioning and autologous fat grafting as alternative approaches are included. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Andrew A. Jacono Source Type: research

Complications of Periocular Dermal Fillers
Dermal fillers, in particular hyaluronic acid gel (HAG) fillers, are used in the treatment of aging changes in the periocular area. Filler treatment requires in-depth knowledge of specific issues relating to product performance and administration, safety protocols, and recognition and treatment of complications. There are different approaches to treatment of the tear trough. Prior filler treatment must be suspected in patients presenting for aesthetic evaluation, and the possibility of migration with a dysmorphic appearance and/or Tyndall effect appearance always is kept in mind. Treatment with hyaluronidase injection gene...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Yao Wang, Guy Massry, John B. Holds Source Type: research

Blindness After Filler Injection
This article focuses on the mechanism of filler-associated blindness, possible treatments, and future directions. Unfortunately, to date there is no proven treatment to reverse filler-induced blindness or visual compromise. It is essential for all injectors to discuss the potential ocular risks including blindness with their patients and obtain informed consent before filler injection. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Catherine J. Hwang, Brian H. Chon, Julian D. Perry Source Type: research

Periorbital Fat Grafting
Fat grafting represents the most important new addition to surgical procedures to rejuvenate the orbit since the inception of the “blepharoplasty” technique. Traditional blepharoplasty procedures do not always address the changes that occur with age in the orbital area and can actually degrade the appearance of the eye. Fat grafting allows treatment of age-associated loss of periorbital volume not addressed by traditional blepharoplasty procedures. Fat grafting is an artistically powerful method to rejuvenate the periorbital orbital area that often provides a more healthy, fit, youthful, and sensual appearance than tra...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Timothy Marten, Dino Elyassnia Source Type: research

The Prominent Eye —What to Watch Out For
Globe prominence (proptosis) may be caused by a variety of congenital or acquired conditions and poses unique challenges to aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. Once the underlying cause of proptosis is determined, a treatment plan consisting of surgical and medical procedures can be formed. Thyroid eye disease is the most common cause of proptosis and helps guide treatment options for proptosis. Although common eyelid and orbital procedures are used for proptosis correction, special care must be taken due to the unique difficulties of the distorted anatomy. Various surgical procedures and less invasive treatments can be ...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Hannah Landsberger, Yao Wang, Raymond S. Douglas Source Type: research

Treatment Options for Lower Eyelid Festoons
Festoons represent a combination of fluid accumulation and soft tissue laxity in the superolateral cheek. They remain a difficult entity to treat. The ideal treatment for festoons would possess minimal invasiveness and recovery time, and predictably improve the condition. No nonsurgical treatment currently meets these criteria, and surgical treatments have significant limitations. Fortunately, a variety of treatment options exist that can benefit each patient and be tailored to their specific needs. Knowledge of the underlying anatomy, clinical characteristics, and clinical evaluation will better equip the treating physici...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Brian H. Chon, Catherine J. Hwang, Julian D. Perry Source Type: research

Anatomic Trends and Directions in Periorbital Aesthetic Surgery
This article outlines the layered anatomy with its clinical significance for the eyelids and periorbital region. Specific examples are used to illustrate the applied anatomy. A contemporary treatment plan for each anatomic problem is given. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jonathan Sykes, Cristen Olds Source Type: research

My Evolution with Endoscopic Brow-Lift Surgery
The endoscopic approach for forehead rejuvenation and brow lift has many advantages. It provided excellent exposure for release of periorbital soft tissues combined with endoscopic magnification, shorter scars, and reduced risk of alopecia and scalp sensory changes compared with the traditional open coronal brow lift. The technique has improved over the last 15  years with better fixation devices, a better understanding of the longevity, and decreased complications of the procedure. The endoscopic brow lift offers the patient a much easier and safer solution for the aging forehead, active wrinkles from corrugator and fron...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Renato Saltz, Alyssa Lolofie Source Type: research

Preface
This text, which will update the reader regarding key issues in Oculofacial Surgery, was developed in the year no one will forget: 2020. The chaos, uncertainty, death, and destruction of the first global pandemic in over a century affected us all and created unique challenges, but also unique opportunities to observe, reflect, grow, and refine our practices, friendships, and world view. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: John B. Holds, Guy G. Massry Source Type: research

Oculoplastic Surgery
The appearance of the eyelids and periocular area of the face is an important component of an individual ’s overall appearance. Changes of the skin and anatomy related to aging represent a frequent request by the patient population for correction and improvement in the eyelid and periorbital region. Surgery and other treatments of eyelids, brows, and periorbital areas have been incorporated into the expertise of several specialties, including facial plastic surgery and otolaryngology–head and neck surgery, ophthalmology, and plastic surgery. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: J. Regan Thomas Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Oculoplastic Surgery
FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: John B. Holds, Guy G. Massry Source Type: research

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Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - April 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research