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Techniques and Perspectives in Facial Gender Affirmation Surgery
Gender dysphoria has been a topic of increasing awareness in recent years. Gender dysphoria affects individuals whose gender assigned at birth does not align with their gender identity. Persistent identification with the opposite gender can result in significant stress and impairment leading to an increased rate of depression, anxiety, and suicide in individuals with gender dysphoria versus the general population. Facial gender modification is often sought by individuals with gender dysphoria to help align their external appearance with the gender they identify with internally, helping to improve quality of life. (Source: ...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - June 21, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Anthony Bared Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Gender Facial Affirmation Surgery
FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - June 21, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Anthony Bared Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - June 21, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Contributors
ANTHONY P. SCLAFANI, MD, MBA, FACS (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - June 21, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Contents
Anthony P. Sclafani (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - June 21, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Non-Invasive Skin Treatments (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - June 21, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Ablative Laser Therapy of Skin
Laser skin rejuvenation was introduced in the mid-1990s. Early ablative laser devices relied on scanner technology that provided significant ablation and longer time on tissue treatments. These early treatments provided significant improvement in the appearance of the skin, but because of the longer treatment times and in some cases excessive treatment, complications such as scarring and hypopigmentation were significant. More recent advances in skin resurfacing technology have now minimized these risks providing certain key principles are observed. These parameters are reviewed in detail to improve the reader ’s ability...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - June 13, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: J. Kevin Duplechain Source Type: research

Injectable Treatments and Nonsurgical Aspects of Gender Affirmation
Injectable treatments are valuable tools to be considered in those seeking facial gender-affirming therapies. As stand-alone procedures, they are unlikely to meet expectations, particularly in those seeking facial feminization. However, injectables can be useful for those seeking to transition into another gender role, who are not ready for more permanent surgical treatment. They are also useful to help fine-tune features to one ’s satisfaction. Transgender people in the United States are more likely than the general population to be impoverished, and thus the cost of injectables may be a more salient concern. (Source: F...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 27, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Grace T. Wu, Anni Wong, Jason D. Bloom Source Type: research

Gender-Affirming Surgery of the Mandible
This article will review gender-affirming surgery of the lower jaw, both for feminization and masculinization. Techniques for bony contouring and soft tissue manipulation will be discussed. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 25, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Benjamin B. Massenburg, Russell E. Ettinger, Shane D. Morrison Source Type: research

Facial Analysis for Gender Affirmation/Gender-Related Facial Analysis
There are anthropometric differences between the bony and integumentary facial features of male and female individuals. When compared to males, female faces in general are more heart-shaped, with a shorter and smoother forehead, a smaller more defined nose, and a tapered chin. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 20, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Michael Somenek, Nahir J. Romero Source Type: research

Gender Facial Affirmation Surgery
You could leave life right now. Let that determine what you do and say and think. —Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Meditations (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 20, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Anthony P. Sclafani Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Gender Facial Affirmation Surgery
Cheek augmentation is frequently used in facial feminization surgery. Options for augmentation include both surgical and nonsurgical techniques, such as autologous and non-autologous injections, implants, and osteotomies. Cheek augmentation can be combined with other facial procedures. Complications of cheek augmentation include malposition, resorption, asymmetry, and unfavorable cosmetic results. Cheek augmentation should be considered as part of an overall facial feminizing plan. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 19, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Brielle Weinstein, Brandon Alba, Amir Dorafshar, Loren Schechter Source Type: research

Chondrolaryngoplasty
is a surgical procedure that reduces the prominence of the thyroid notch. Although frequently performed on transgender (man to woman) women, anyone wishing to reduce the prominence of their thyroid notch for aesthetic purposes may consider undergoing a chondrolaryngoplasty. Direct visualization of the vocal cords with flexible laryngoscopy and intraoperative needle localization of the anterior commissure directs the extent of resection, helps increase safety, and avoids devastating postoperative voice complications. This procedure can be safely performed in combination with other facial feminization surgeries. (Source: Fa...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 16, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Katherine Nicole Vandenberg, Michal Jakub Plocienniczak, Jeffrey Howard Spiegel Source Type: research

Getting to Yes
This article aims to describe the insurance coverage and approval challenges related to facial feminization surgery and to provide guidance for surgeons and their practice administrators on how to obtain successful preauthorization/predetermination, single case agreements, and proper claim adjudication. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 16, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jacob E. Kuperstock Source Type: research

Forehead Contouring
The upper third of the face has an important effect on gendering patients. Forehead contouring modifying a masculine face to a more feminine form is most likely to affect the gender assessment of an individual's face. Contouring involves techniques such as forehead reduction or augmentation, orbital contouring, and hairline adjustment. Traditionally, surgeons have utilized an open technique, though newer innovations such as endoscopic procedures and custom implants provide an alternative for patients with mild defects. Forehead contouring procedures are well tolerated with minimal side effects reported despite the proximit...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - May 12, 2023 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Nikita Gupta, Carly Clark Source Type: research