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ELSEVIER (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - November 20, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Contributors
J. REGAN THOMAS, MD (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - November 20, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Contents
J. Regan Thomas (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - November 20, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Facial and Nasal Anatomy (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - November 20, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Source Type: research

Asian Facelift
The Asian facelift requires an adaptation of current techniques to achieve a desired aesthetic outcome. Cultural differences and differences in anthropomorphologic features alter a patient ’s vision of beauty and youthfulness. Rejuvenation of the aging Asian face mandates a set of strategies, including understanding cultural aspects of Asian patients, anatomy of Asian patients, and appropriate techniques based on these cultural and anatomic considerations. For stable application and results, the surgeon must understand surgical facial anatomy. If performed properly, facelifts can improve facial balance and can yield aest...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Taek Keun Kwon, Yun Hee Choi Source Type: research

Forehead Lift for Asians
Asians have anatomic and clinical characteristics to be considered before forehead lift. Because of the anatomic characteristics of Asians, for the better outcomes of blepharoplasty or augmentation rhinoplasty, forehead lift as a combined surgery must be considered beforehand. Forehead lift is frequently indicated in young Asian patients. Endoscopic browlift without visible scar is favored for patients, and it can be done in a modified multiplane fashion for better outcomes in patients with thick and redundant skin. There are rare but severe complications of endoscopic forehead lift, such as motor nerve paresis and diplopi...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: In-Sang Kim, Hak-Soo Kim Source Type: research

Lower Eyelid and Midface Rejuvenation
This article discusses the characteristics and theories of aging and 5 types of lower eyelid/middle face aging based on 4 key factors, namely, protruding fat in the orbital, excess skin on the lower eyelid, sagging midface and soft tissue deflation. Various combinations of surgical strategies are adopted accordingly. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Han-Tsung Liao Source Type: research

Incisional Blepharoplasty for the Asian Eye
This article details the incisional method of blepharoplasty to create natural-appearing creases for Asians with single eyelids. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Hyung Min Song, Khanh Ngoc Tran Source Type: research

Nonincisional Blepharoplasty for Asians
Various nonincisional techniques for double eyelid surgery have been introduced in the past. They are simple, noninvasive, and efficient techniques to create a double eyelid. The authors prefer the full-thickness single continuous method using the 7-0 nylon, round long needle. Appropriate choice of the patients and surgical method results in a natural, esthetically pleasing eyelid and decreases the loss of eyelid crease. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Kyoung Hwa Bae, Ji Sun Baek, Jae Woo Jang Source Type: research

Recent Trends in Orthognathic Surgery in Asia
Anatomy and standards of beauty are different between Asians and Westerners. Unlike Westerners, Asians have a wide and prominent jaw shape but prefer a slim and soft face shape. To achieve this goal, maxillary setback and/or posterior impaction surgeries are popular among upper jaw surgery, and various adjuvant surgeries are performed simultaneously on the mandible to obtain the so-called oval shape or V-line face. In addition, according to the development of virtual surgery software and orthodontic treatment techniques, the surgery-first approach is now accepted as a reliable option for orthognathic surgery if it is indic...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Yoon-Ji Kim, Bu-Kyu Lee Source Type: research

Special Considerations in Facial Reconstruction in the Non-White Patient
The principles of facial reconstruction are well established and some unique modifications apply to the non-White population. Anatomic and physiologic distinctions to this group give rise to alterations in design and surgical planning. Different ethnic groups have different skin anatomy and physiology and that should be taken into consideration. Healing differs among the different ethnic groups, affecting the final result regardless of method chosen. Variations in aesthetic units can lead to different flap selection and design. These should be considered for this population to maximize aesthetic outcomes and patient satisf...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Jenica Su-ern Yong, Stephen S. Park Source Type: research

Approach for Rhinoplasty in African Descendants
The main objectives of rhinoplasty in African descendants are to improve the definition and projection of the nasal tip, augment the dorsum, and reduce the alar base. Open rhinoplasty using costal cartilage graft, with lateral crural tensioning and septal extension graft associated with en bloc dorsal augmentation is the workhorse. Cartilage resections should be minimal. Oral isotretinoin and triamcinolone injection may improve tip definition. Surgical success ultimately depends on the ability of the surgeon to accurately identify the anatomic variables and reconcile these anatomic realities with the patient's aesthetic ex...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Lucas G. Patrocinio, Tomas G. Patrocinio, Jose A. Patrocinio Source Type: research

Special Consideration in Rhinoplasty for Deformed Nose of East Asians
Typical Asian deformed nose has many different types: concave nasal dorsum, low nasal dorsum, wide nasal dorsum, deviated nose, convex nasal dorsum, saddle nose, short-nose deformity, and deformities involving irreversible damage of skin/soft tissue envelop are the most representative ones. The key concept in Asian rhinoplasty is augmentation in all different forms of nasal deformities. Augmentation of the nose consists of framework, tip, and dorsal augmentation. Septal extension grafting and tip grafting are 2 maneuvers with profound importance in augmentation of lower two-thirds of the Asian nose. Dorsal augmentation is ...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Yong Ju Jang, Hyun Moon Source Type: research

Cosmetic Augmentation Rhinoplasty for East Asians
Symmetric pocket formation and meticulous implant carving are the most critical parts of nasal dorsal augmentation using implants. Innovative three-dimensional printed nasal implants can exactly fit the nasal dorsal contour, decreasing the chance of deviation and malpositioning. Vertically oriented folded dermal graft technique can avoid the high resorption rate of conventional dermofat grafts. Multilayered costal cartilage graft technique for dorsal augmentation can minimize warping and difficulty in the graft carving. Derotation graft allows supple and movable nasal tip while enabling enough tip lengthening, even if the ...
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Man-Koon SUH Source Type: research

Facial Plastic Surgery for the Non-Caucasian Population
Unlike other surgery aimed at removing tumor or inflammation, facial plastic surgery is unique in that the anatomic characteristics of the patients largely determine the very success of the surgical outcome. The ultimate goal of facial plastic surgery is changing the anatomic structure of the face in ways favored by the subjects or general population. General anatomic differences between ethnicities have tremendous importance in planning and executing various facial plastic surgery procedures. (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America - September 25, 2021 Category: Cosmetic Surgery Authors: Yong Ju Jang Tags: Preface Source Type: research