Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for COPD exacerbations.
Following a pre-registered protocol, we appraised eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) according to Cochrane methodology, performed random-effects meta-analyses for all outcomes prioritised in the European Respiratory Society COPD core outcome set and rated the certainty of evidence as per Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.
We included 20 RCTs totalling 2140 participants with moderate or severe exacerbations. All trials were at high risk of methodological...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 20, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Papadopoulou, E., Bin Safar, S., Khalil, A., Hansel, J., Wang, R., Corlateanu, A., Kostikas, K., Tryfon, S., Vestbo, J., Mathioudakis, A. G. Tags: COPD and smoking Reviews Source Type: research
20 years of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in COPD
Although a lung disease, COPD is also associated with extrapulmonary manifestations including, among others, limb muscle dysfunction. Limb muscle dysfunction is a key systemic consequence of COPD that impacts patients' physical activity, exercise tolerance, quality of life and survival. Deconditioning is the main mechanism underlying the development of limb muscle dysfunction in COPD, which can be partially improved with exercise. However, some patients may not be able to tolerate exercise because of incapacitating breathlessness or unwillingness to undertake whole-body exercise. Alternative training modalities that do not...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 20, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: LoMauro, A., Gervasoni, F. Tags: COPD and smoking Reviews Source Type: research
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-guided drug discovery for post-viral and related types of lung disease
Respiratory viral infections are a major public health problem, with much of their morbidity and mortality due to post-viral lung diseases that progress and persist after the active infection is cleared. This paradigm is implicated in the most common forms of chronic lung disease, such as asthma and COPD, as well as other virus-linked diseases including progressive and long-term coronavirus disease 2019. Despite the impact of these diseases, there is a lack of small-molecule drugs available that can precisely modify this type of disease process. Here we will review current progress in understanding the pathogenesis of post...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 28, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Holtzman, M. J., Zhang, Y., Wu, K., Romero, A. G. Tags: Lung biology and experimental studies Lung Science Conference Reviews Source Type: research
Preclinical models of maternal asthma and progeny outcomes: a scoping review
There is an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in the ~17% of women with asthma during pregnancy. The mechanisms linking maternal asthma and adverse outcomes are largely unknown, but reflect joint effects of genetics and prenatal exposure to maternal asthma. Animal models are essential to understand the underlying mechanisms independent of genetics and comorbidities, and enable safe testing of interventions. This scoping review aimed to explore the methodology, phenotype, characteristics, outcomes and quality of published studies using preclinical maternal asthma models. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier) and We...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 28, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Robinson, J. L., Gatford, K. L., Bailey, D. N., Roff, A. J., Clifton, V. L., Morrison, J. L., Stark, M. J. Tags: Asthma and allergy Reviews Source Type: research
Clinical-imaging-pathological correlation in pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is highly prevalent in patients with left heart disease (LHD) and negatively impacts prognosis. The most common causes of PH associated with LHD (PH-LHD) are left heart failure and valvular heart disease. In LHD, passive backward transmission of increased left-sided filling pressures leads to isolated post-capillary PH. Additional pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodelling lead to a higher vascular load and combined pre- and post-capillary PH. The increased afterload leads to right ventricular dysfunction and failure. Multimodality imaging of the heart plays a central role in the diagnostic work...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 28, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: van de Veerdonk, M. C., Roosma, L., Trip, P., Gopalan, D., Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Dorfmüller, P., Nossent, E. J. Tags: Lung imaging, Pulmonary vascular disease Clinical-radiological-pathological correlation in pulmonary hypertension Source Type: research
Lung cancer risk and occupational pulmonary fibrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Background:
Molecular pathways found to be important in pulmonary fibrosis are also involved in cancer pathogenesis, suggesting common pathways in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer.
Research question:
Is pulmonary fibrosis from exposure to occupational carcinogens an independent risk factor for lung cancer?
Study design and methods:
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases with over 100 search terms regarding occupational hazards causing pulmonary fibrosis was conducted. After screening and extraction, quality of evidence and eligibility criteria for meta-analysi...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Krabbe, J., Steffens, K. M., Driessen, S., Kraus, T. Tags: Lung cancer Reviews Source Type: research
REM sleep obstructive sleep apnoea
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can occur in both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep or be limited to REM sleep, when the upper airway is most prone to collapse due to REM sleep atonia. Respiratory events are usually longer and more desaturating in REM than in NREM sleep. The prevalence of REM OSA is higher in women than in men and REM OSA usually occurs in the context of mild–moderate OSA based on the apnoea–hypopnoea index calculated for the entire sleep study. Studies have highlighted some detrimental consequences of REM OSA; for example, its frequent association with systemic hypertension and a degre...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bonsignore, M. R., Mazzuca, E., Baiamonte, P., Bouckaert, B., Verbeke, W., Pevernagie, D. A. Tags: Sleep medicine Sleep and Breathing Conference Reviews Source Type: research
CDK4/6 inhibitors in lung cancer: current practice and future directions
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and ~85% of lung cancers are classified as nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These malignancies can proliferate indefinitely, in part due to dysregulation of the cell cycle and the resulting abnormal cell growth. The specific activation of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is closely linked to tumour proliferation. Approximately 80% of human tumours exhibit abnormalities in the cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-RB pathway. Specifically, CDK4/6 inhibitors either as monotherapy or combination therapy have been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies f...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lv, S., Yang, J., Lin, J., Huang, X., Zhao, H., Zhao, C., Yang, L. Tags: Lung cancer Reviews Source Type: research
"Exercise intolerance in pulmonary arterial hypertension: insight into central and peripheral pathophysiological mechanisms." S. Malenfant, M. Lebret, E. Breton-Gagnon, et al. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30: 200284.
Extract
Unfortunately, an error was made in labelling figure 4 of this manuscript. The solid black line should have been labelled "Fick principle" not "Fick Law". The equation associated with this label should have read "V'O2=COxPa–vO2" not "V'O2=COxa–vO2 PO2". The corrected version of figure 4 is shown below. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 14, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Erratum Source Type: research
Smoking and home oxygen therapy: a review and consensus statement from a multidisciplinary Swedish taskforce
Conclusions:
Multiple factors need to be considered in the benefit/risk evaluation of HOT in active smokers. A systematic approach is suggested to guide healthcare professionals in evaluating HOT in relation to smoking. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - January 31, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ahmadi, Z., Björk, J., Gilljam, H., Gogineni, M., Gustafsson, T., Runold, M., Ringbaek, T., Wahlberg, J., Wendel, L., Ekström, M. Tags: COPD and smoking Reviews Source Type: research
Eradication treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in adults with bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion:
Eradication treatment in bronchiectasis results in eradication of P. aeruginosa from sputum in ~40% of cases at 12 months. Combined systemic and inhaled antibiotics achieve higher eradication rates than systemic antibiotics alone. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - January 31, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Conceicao, M., Shteinberg, M., Goeminne, P., Altenburg, J., Chalmers, J. D. Tags: CF and non-CF bronchiectasis, Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Mini-review Source Type: research
An update on diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnoea in the first 2 years of life
In conclusion, management of OSAS in the first 2 years of life is unique and requires consideration of comorbidities and clinical presentation along with PSG results for treatment decisions, and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment with medical and otolaryngology teams. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - January 31, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Polytarchou, A., Moudaki, A., Van de Perck, E., Boudewyns, A., Kaditis, A. G., Verhulst, S., Ersu, R. Tags: Sleep medicine Sleep and Breathing Conference Reviews Source Type: research
European Respiratory Review, list of peer reviewers 2023
Extract
The European Respiratory Review is voluntarily reviewed. We are most grateful for the hard work and dedication of all those who reviewed articles for the ERR in 2023. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - January 17, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Acknowledgement Source Type: research
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: illustrative cases and literature review
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD), also known as "pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with overt features of venous/capillary involvement", is a rare cause of PAH characterised by substantial small pulmonary vein and capillary involvement, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular failure. Environmental risk factors have been associated with the development of PVOD, such as occupational exposure to organic solvents and chemotherapy, notably mitomycin. PVOD may also be associated with a mutation in the EIF2AK4 gene in heritable forms of disease. Distinguishing PVOD from PAH is critical...
Source: European Respiratory Review - January 17, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lechartier, B., Boucly, A., Solinas, S., Gopalan, D., Dorfmüller, P., Radonic, T., Sitbon, O., Montani, D. Tags: Lung imaging, Pulmonary vascular disease Clinical-radiological-pathological correlation in pulmonary hypertension Source Type: research
The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in post-tuberculosis and active tuberculosis populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion:
Our results highlight the significant burden of PH in post-TB and active TB populations. We emphasise the need for increased recognition of TB-associated PH and additional high-quality prevalence data. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - January 17, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: van Heerden, J. K., Louw, E. H., Thienemann, F., Engel, M. E., Allwood, B. W. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
