Immune processes in the pathogenesis of chronic lung allograft dysfunction: identifying the missing pieces of the puzzle
Lung transplantation is the optimal treatment for selected patients with end-stage chronic lung diseases. However, chronic lung allograft dysfunction remains the leading obstacle to improved long-term outcomes. Traditionally, lung allograft rejection has been considered primarily as a manifestation of cellular immune responses. However, in reality, an array of complex, interacting and multifactorial mechanisms contribute to its emergence. Alloimmune-dependent mechanisms, including T-cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection, as well as non-alloimmune injuries, have been implicated. Moreover, a role has emerge...
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 27, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bos, S., Milross, L., Filby, A. J., Vos, R., Fisher, A. J. Tags: Mechanisms of lung disease Reviews Source Type: research
A pulmonologist's guide to perform and analyse cross-species single lung cell transcriptomics
Single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing is becoming widely employed to study biological processes at a novel resolution depth. The ability to analyse transcriptomes of multiple heterogeneous cell types in parallel is especially valuable for cell-focused lung research where a variety of resident and recruited cells are essential for maintaining organ functionality. We compared the single-cell transcriptomes from publicly available and unpublished datasets of the lungs in six different species: human (Homo sapiens), African green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus), pig (Sus domesticus), hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), rat (Rattus ...
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 27, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Pennitz, P., Kirsten, H., Friedrich, V. D., Wyler, E., Goekeri, C., Obermayer, B., Heinz, G. A., Mashreghi, M.-F., Büttner, M., Trimpert, J., Landthaler, M., Suttorp, N., Hocke, A. C., Hippenstiel, S., Tönnies, M., Scholz, M., Kuebler, W. Tags: Lung biology and experimental studies Reviews Source Type: research
Lung cancer occurrence after an episode of tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion:
We document an association between tuberculosis and lung cancer occurrence, particularly in, but not limited to, the first 2 years after tuberculosis diagnosis. Some cancer cases may have been present at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis and therefore causality cannot be ascertained. Prospective studies controlling for key confounding factors are needed to identify which tuberculosis patients are at the highest risk, as well as cost-effective approaches to mitigate such risk. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 27, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Cabrera-Sanchez, J., Cuba, V., Vega, V., Van der Stuyft, P., Otero, L. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis, Lung cancer Reviews Source Type: research
Biologic drugs in treating allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review
Conclusion
Scientific evidence is insufficient to support firm conclusions and randomised clinical trials are urgently required to investigate the efficacy and safety of biologics for ABPA in CF patients. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 27, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Manti, S., Giallongo, A., Parisi, G. F., Papale, M., Mule, E., Aloisio, D., Rotolo, N., Leonardi, S. Tags: Pulmonary pharmacology and therapeutics, CF and non-CF bronchiectasis Reviews Source Type: research
Impact of pulmonary embolism response teams on acute pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions
The PERT group showed an increased use of advanced therapies and a decreased utilisation of IVC filters. This was not associated with increased bleeding. Despite comprising more severe PE patients, there was a trend towards lower mortality in the PERT group. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 12, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fleitas Sosa, D., Lehr, A. L., Zhao, H., Roth, S., Lakhther, V., Bashir, R., Cohen, G., Panaro, J., Maldonado, T. S., Horowitz, J., Amoroso, N. E., Criner, G. J., Brosnahan, S. B., Rali, P. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice, Pulmonary vascular disease Reviews Source Type: research
Reference equations for oscillometry and their differences among populations: a systematic scoping review
Respiratory oscillometry is gaining global attention over traditional pulmonary function tests for its sensitivity in detecting small airway obstructions. However, its use in clinical settings as a diagnostic tool is limited because oscillometry lacks globally accepted reference values. In this scoping review, we systematically assessed the differences between selected oscillometric reference equations with the hypothesis that significant heterogeneity existed between them. We searched bibliographic databases, registries and references for studies that developed equations for healthy adult populations according to the Pref...
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 12, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Deprato, A., Ferrara, G., Bhutani, M., Melenka, L., Murgia, N., Usmani, O. S., Lacy, P., Moitra, S. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research
Understanding the pathogenesis of occupational coal and silica dust-associated lung disease
Workers in the mining and construction industries are at increased risk of respiratory and other diseases as a result of being exposed to harmful levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) for extended periods of time. While clear links have been established between PM exposure and the development of occupational lung disease, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. A greater understanding of how exposures to different levels and types of PM encountered in mining and construction workplaces affect pathophysiological processes in the airways and lungs and result in different forms of occupational lung disease is urgentl...
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 12, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Vanka, K. S., Shukla, S., Gomez, H. M., James, C., Palanisami, T., Williams, K., Chambers, D. C., Britton, W. J., Ilic, D., Hansbro, P. M., Horvat, J. C. Tags: Epidemiology, occupational and environmental lung disease Reviews Source Type: research
Recent advances in the management of pulmonary hypertension with interstitial lung disease
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is known to complicate various forms of interstitial lung disease (ILD), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the interstitial pneumonias and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Pathogenesis of PH-ILD remains incompletely understood, and probably has overlap with other forms of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension. PH-ILD carries a poor prognosis, and is associated with increased oxygen requirements, and a decline in functional capacity and exercise tolerance. Despite most patients having mild–moderate pulmonary hypertension, more severe pulmonary hypertension and signs of right hear...
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 12, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Waxman, A. B., Elia, D., Adir, Y., Humbert, M., Harari, S. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease, Pulmonary vascular disease Reviews Source Type: research
Hypoxaemia in COVID-19: many pieces to a complex puzzle
We read with interest the comments from G. Harutyunyan and co-workers on our coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology review [1]. Without doubt we recognise that new data emerge every day and present knowledge must be reassessed in the face of new evidence. In this regard, the authors dive deep into the putative effects of pathological changes in the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve (OHDC) as an additional cause of hypoxaemia in COVID-19. While interesting, this aspect is not completely new. Indeed, since the early days of COVID-19 some authors have speculated over the very same issue and conducted cl...
Source: European Respiratory Review - June 28, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Busana, M., Camporota, L., Gattinoni, L. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis, Acute lung injury and critical care Correspondence Source Type: research
Reply to: "Ventilatory efficiency in athletes, asthma and obesity": different ventilatory phenotypes during exercise in obesity?
We thank N. Borasio and co-workers for their correspondence bringing attention to their recent publications [1, 2]. The ventilatory response to exercise in patients with obesity is clearly an area of interest, as their original research articles [1, 2], along with others [3], have been published after our review article "Ventilatory efficiency in athletes, asthma and obesity" [4] was first submitted for publication. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - June 28, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Collins, S. E., Phillips, D. B., Brotto, A. R., Rampuri, Z. H., Stickland, M. K. Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
Pathogenesis of tuberculosis: the 1930 Lübeck disaster revisited
During the 1930 Lübeck Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) disaster, 251 neonates received three oral BCG doses accidentally contaminated by virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 67 (26.7%) infants died of tuberculosis. BCG reversion to pathogenicity did not occur. Detailed post mortem examinations clarified contested aspects of tuberculosis pathogenesis. Gastrointestinal infection was seldom "silent" and did not cause typical primary pulmonary lesions. In 15 infants, primary pulmonary foci were found but these resulted from vaccine ingestion and aspiration and were not caused by gastroint...
Source: European Respiratory Review - June 28, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Donald, P., Kaufmann, S., Thee, S., Mandalakas, A. M., Lange, C. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
Predictors of sleep disordered breathing in children with Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The objective of this systematic review was to identify predictors of SDB in patients with Down syndrome. A search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. A meta-analysis was performed according to the Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. Our review of the literature identified inconsistent associations between a variety of variables and SDB in children with Down syndrome, although the quality of evidence was poor. Meta-analysis of age and sex identified that children with OSA were ...
Source: European Respiratory Review - June 28, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hanna, N., Hanna, Y., Blinder, H., Bokhaut, J., Katz, S. L. Tags: Sleep medicine Reviews Source Type: research
Ventilation/perfusion mismatch is not the sole reason for hypoxaemia in early stage COVID-19 patients
It was a pleasure reading the work of Gattinoni et al. [1] dedicated to the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypoxaemia observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The authors recommend treating the hypoxaemia observed in the early stages of COVID-19 based on ventilation/perfusion (V'A/Q') mismatch. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - June 28, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Harutyunyan, G., Harutyunyan, V., Harutyunyan, G., Sanchez Gimeno, A., Cherkezyan, A., Petrosyan, S., Gnuni, A., Soghomonyan, S. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis, Acute lung injury and critical care Correspondence Source Type: research
Correspondence regarding "Ventilatory efficiency in athletes, asthma and obesity": different ventilatory phenotypes during exercise in obesity?
Collins et al. [1] discussed the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical relevance of ventilatory efficiency in athletes, asthma and obesity in their interesting review article entitled "Ventilatory efficiency in athletes, asthma and obesity". Patients with obesity can display an altered ventilatory response to exercise, which may contribute to functional limitations in this population. We aim to provide a supplementary contribution to the clinical evaluation and pathophysiological interpretation of the ventilatory response to exercise in patients with obesity. This contribution resulted from two papers recently publish...
Source: European Respiratory Review - June 28, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Borasio, N., Vecchiato, M., Quinto, G., Battista, F., Neunhaeuserer, D., Ermolao, A. Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
Risk factors for asthma exacerbations during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions
Future interventions aimed at reducing exacerbations in pregnancy could address the modifiable factors, such as smoking and depression/anxiety, and introduce more regular monitoring for those with nonmodifiable risk factors such as obesity and more severe asthma. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - June 14, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Robijn, A. L., Bokern, M. P., Jensen, M. E., Barker, D., Baines, K. J., Murphy, V. E. Tags: Asthma and allergy Reviews Source Type: research
