The re-emerging role of linoleic acid in paediatric asthma
Asthma is the most common chronic disease within the paediatric population. Although it is multifactorial, its onset may be linked to early-life exposures with subsequent impact on immune system development. Microbial and dietary metabolic products have been implicated in the development and exacerbation of paediatric asthma. Linoleic acid is the most common omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet. In this review, we summarise the literature regarding the involvement of linoleic acid in the development of and its impact on existing paediatric asthma. First, we summarise the existing knowledge surrounding the...
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 1, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Naughten, S., Ecklu-Mensah, G., Constantino, G., Quaranta, A., Schulkers Escalante, K., Bai-Tong, S., Gilbert, J., Leibel, S., Wheelock, C. E., Leibel, S. Tags: Asthma and allergy, Paediatric pulmonology Reviews Source Type: research
Ergonomics of bronchoscopy: good advice or a pain in the neck?
Interventional pulmonologists require a unique set of skills including precise motor abilities and physical endurance, but surprisingly the application of ergonomic principles in the field of bronchoscopy remains limited. This is particularly intriguing when considering the significant impact that poor ergonomics can have on diagnostic aptitude, income potential and overall health. It is therefore imperative to provide comprehensive education to physicians regarding the significance of ergonomics in their work, especially considering the introduction of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. By implementing simple...
Source: European Respiratory Review - October 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ntiamoah, P., Machuzak, M., Gildea, T. R., Mehta, A. C. Tags: Lung imaging, Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research
Montelukast in paediatric asthma and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions:
The synthesis of the available evidence suggests that, in children and adolescents, montelukast was effective in controlling asthma symptoms when compared with placebo, but inhaled corticosteroids were superior in controlling symptoms, especially at night-time. These findings of our systematic review concur with current guidelines for asthma treatment. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - October 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mayoral, K., Lizano-Barrantes, C., Zamora, V., Pont, A., Miret, C., Barrufet, C., Caballero-Rabasco, M. A., Praena-Crespo, M., Bercedo, A., Valdesoiro-Navarrete, L., Guerra, M. T., Pardo, Y., Martinez Zapata, M. J., Garin, O., Ferrer, M., ARCA Group Tags: Asthma and allergy, Paediatric pulmonology Reviews Source Type: research
Systematic review of ceftaroline fosamil in the management of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for an array of problematic community- and healthcare-acquired infections, including pneumonia, and is frequently associated with severe disease and high mortality rates. Standard recommended treatments for empiric and targeted coverage of suspected MRSA in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), are vancomycin and linezolid. However, adverse events such as acute kidney injury and Clostridium difficile infection have been associated with these antibiotics. Ceftar...
Source: European Respiratory Review - October 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Torres, A., Kuraieva, A., Stone, G. G., Cilloniz, C. Tags: Pulmonary pharmacology and therapeutics, Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
How inhaled corticosteroids target inflammation in COPD
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of COPD. COPD has been previously described as a "corticosteroid-resistant" condition, but current clinical trial evidence shows that selected COPD patients, namely those with increased exacerbation risk plus higher blood eosinophil count (BEC), can benefit from ICS treatment. This review describes the components of inflammation modulated by ICS in COPD and the reasons for the variation in response to ICS between individuals. There are corticosteroid-insensitive inflammatory pathways in COPD, such as bacteria-induced macropha...
Source: European Respiratory Review - October 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lea, S., Higham, A., Beech, A., Singh, D. Tags: COPD and smoking Reviews Source Type: research
Stem cell therapy in pulmonary hypertension: current practice and future opportunities
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease characterised by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and right-sided heart failure. While conventional drug therapies, including prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, have been shown to improve the haemodynamic abnormalities of patients with PH, the 5-year mortality rate remains high. Thus, novel therapies are urgently required to prolong the survival of patients with PH. Stem cell therapies, including mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have shown therapeutic...
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 27, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Zheng, R., Xu, T., Wang, X., Yang, L., Wang, J., Huang, X. Tags: Pulmonary vascular disease Reviews Source Type: research
Methods to assess COPD medications adherence in healthcare databases: a systematic review
Conclusion:
Variations in adherence assessment methods are common. Attention to transparency, reporting of variables with an impact on adherence assessment and rationale for choosing an adherence cut-off or treatment gap is recommended. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 27, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Vauterin, D., Van Vaerenbergh, F., Vanoverschelde, A., Quint, J. K., Verhamme, K., Lahousse, L. Tags: COPD and smoking, Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research
Lost in translation: a neglected mTOR target for lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a cystic lung disease of women resulting from mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes that suppress the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. mTORC1 activation enhances a plethora of anabolic cellular functions, mainly via the activation of mRNA translation through stimulation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1)/ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). Rapamycin (sirolimus), an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1, stabilises lung function in many but not all LAM...
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 27, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Evans, J. F., McCormack, F. X., Sonenberg, N., Krymskaya, V. P. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease, Pulmonary pharmacology and therapeutics Mini-review Source Type: research
Atypical imaging patterns during lung invasive mould diseases: lessons for clinicians
Imaging of pulmonary invasive mould diseases (IMDs), which represents a cornerstone in their work-up, is mainly based on computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this review is to discuss their CT features, mainly those related to aspergillosis and mucormycosis. We will especially focus on atypical radiological presentations that are increasingly observed among non-neutropenic emerging populations of patients at risk, such as those receiving novel anticancer therapies or those in the intensive care unit. We will also discuss the interest of other available imaging techniques, mainly positron emission tomography/CT, that ma...
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 27, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Casutt, A., Lamoth, F., Lortholary, O., Prior, J. O., Tonglet, A., Manuel, O., Bergeron, A., Beigelman-Aubry, C. Tags: Lung imaging, Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis: joining the dots
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology. A minority of patients with sarcoidosis develop sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (SAPF), which may become progressive. Genetic profiles differ between patients with progressive and self-limiting disease. The mechanisms of fibrosis in SAPF are not fully understood, but SAPF is likely a distinct clinicopathological entity, rather than a continuum of acute inflammatory sarcoidosis. Risk factors for the development of SAPF have been identified; however, at present, it is not possible to make a robust prediction of risk for an individual patient....
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 27, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bandyopadhyay, D., Mirsaeidi, M. S. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease Reviews Source Type: research
Neuropsychiatric events associated with montelukast in patients with asthma: a systematic review
Conclusion:
Montelukast is not associated with suicide- and depression-related events in asthma patients. Older adults may be particularly susceptible to anxiety and sleeping disorders. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 27, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lo, C. W. H., Pathadka, S., Qin, S. X., Fung, L. W. Y., Yan, V. K. C., Yiu, H. H. E., Bloom, C. I., Wong, I. C. K., Chan, E. W. Y. Tags: Asthma and allergy Reviews Source Type: research
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on glucose metabolism in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Obstructive sleep apnoea is a highly prevalent chronic disorder and has been shown to be associated with disturbed glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes. However, the evidence from individual clinical trials on the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on glycaemic control in patients with co-existing obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes remains controversial. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials assessing the effect of CPAP on glycaemic control in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes was conducted using the databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and Scopu...
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Herth, J., Sievi, N. A., Schmidt, F., Kohler, M. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice, Sleep medicine Reviews Source Type: research
Peripheral blood monocyte count and outcomes in patients with interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions
Peripheral blood monocyte counts were associated with an increased risk of mortality and disease progression in patients with ILD. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Min, B., Grant-Orser, A., Johannson, K. A. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease Reviews Source Type: research
The role of vaccination in COPD: influenza, SARS-CoV-2, pneumococcus, pertussis, RSV and varicella zoster virus
Exacerbations of COPD are associated with worsening of the airflow obstruction, hospitalisation, reduced quality of life, disease progression and death. At least 70% of COPD exacerbations are infectious in origin, with respiratory viruses identified in approximately 30% of cases. Despite long-standing recommendations to vaccinate patients with COPD, vaccination rates remain suboptimal in this population.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading morbidity and mortality causes of lower respiratory tract infections. The Food and Drug Administration recently approved pneumococcal conjugate vaccines that showed strong imm...
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Simon, S., Joean, O., Welte, T., Rademacher, J. Tags: COPD and smoking Nonpharmacological interventions in COPD: state of the art and future directions Source Type: research
Unsupervised home spirometry versus supervised clinic spirometry for respiratory disease: a systematic methodology review and meta-analysis
Conclusions:
Analysis under the conditions of the included studies indicated that unsupervised spirometry is not interchangeable with supervised spirometry for individual patients owing to variability and underestimation. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - September 6, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Anand, R., McLeese, R., Busby, J., Stewart, J., Clarke, M., Man, W. D.-C., Bradley, J. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research
