Correction to subglottic secretion drainage for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: an overview of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis
The aim of this correspondence is to amend a mistake in our original article [1], and to recalculate our meta-analyses for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and mortality outcomes. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 23, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Pozuelo-Carrascosa, D. P., Klompas, M., Alvarez-Bueno, C., Anon, J. M., Martinez-Vizcaino, V., Cavero-Redondo, I., Herraiz-Adillo, A. Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
Disease burden associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: systematic and structured literature reviews
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by reduced levels of circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin and an increased risk of lung and liver disease. Recent reviews of AATD have focused on diagnosis, epidemiology and clinical management; comprehensive reviews examining disease burden are lacking. Therefore, we conducted literature reviews to investigate the AATD disease burden for patients, caregivers and healthcare systems. Embase, PubMed and Cochrane libraries were searched for AATD publications from database inception to June 2021, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systemati...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 23, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Miravitlles, M., Herepath, M., Priyendu, A., Sharma, S., Vilchez, T., Vit, O., Haensel, M., Lepage, V., Gens, H., Greulich, T. Tags: COPD and smoking, Interstitial and orphan lung disease Review Source Type: research
E-cigarettes and nicotine abstinence: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Conclusions
The use of e-cigarettes as a therapeutic intervention for smoking cessation may lead to permanent nicotine dependence. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 23, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hanewinkel, R., Niederberger, K., Pedersen, A., Unger, J. B., Galimov, A. Tags: COPD and smoking Review Source Type: research
State-of-the-art review of lung imaging in cystic fibrosis with recommendations for pulmonologists and radiologists from the "iMAging managEment of cySTic fibROsis" (MAESTRO) consortium
Conclusions
There is a need for international guidelines regarding the appropriate timing and selection of imaging modality for patients with CF lung disease; timing and selection depends upon the clinical scenario, the patient's age, lung function and type of treatment. Despite its ubiquity, the use of the chest radiograph remains controversial. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging should be routinely used to monitor CF lung disease. Future studies should focus on imaging protocol harmonisation both for computed tomography and for magnetic resonance imaging. The introduction of artificial intelligence i...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 23, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ciet, P., Bertolo, S., Ros, M., Casciaro, R., Cipolli, M., Colagrande, S., Costa, S., Galici, V., Gramegna, A., Lanza, C., Lucca, F., Macconi, L., Majo, F., Paciaroni, A., Parisi, G. F., Rizzo, F., Salamone, I., Santangelo, T., Scudeller, L., Saba, L., To Tags: Lung imaging, CF and non-CF bronchiectasis Review Source Type: research
Role of air pollutants in airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma and COPD
Chronic exposure to environmental pollutants is a major contributor to the development and progression of obstructive airway diseases, including asthma and COPD. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of obstructive lung diseases upon exposure to inhaled pollutants will lead to novel insights into the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of these diseases. The respiratory epithelial lining forms a robust physicochemical barrier protecting the body from inhaled toxic particles and pathogens. Inhalation of airborne particles and gases may impair airway epithelial barrier function and subsequently lead to e...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 23, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Aghapour, M., Ubags, N. D., Bruder, D., Hiemstra, P. S., Sidhaye, V., Rezaee, F., Heijink, I. H. Tags: COPD and smoking, Mechanisms of lung disease, Asthma and allergy Review Source Type: research
"Subglottic secretion drainage for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: an overview of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis".Diana P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa, Angel Herraiz-Adillo, Celia Alvarez-Bueno, Jose Manuel Anon, Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino and Ivan Cavero-Redondo. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29: 190107
(Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 23, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Author Correction Source Type: research
Interstitial lung disease in infancy and early childhood: a clinicopathological primer
Children's interstitial lung disease (chILD) encompasses a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases substantially different from that of adults. Established classification systems divide chILD into conditions more prevalent in infancy and other conditions occurring at any age. This categorisation is based on a multidisciplinary approach including clinical, radiological, genetic and histological findings. The diagnostic evaluation may include lung biopsies if other diagnostic approaches failed to identify a precise chILD entity, or if severe or refractory respiratory distress of unknown cause is present. As the majority ...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 9, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Laenger, F. P., Schwerk, N., Dingemann, J., Welte, T., Auber, B., Verleden, S., Ackermann, M., Mentzer, S. J., Griese, M., Jonigk, D. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease, Paediatric pulmonology Reviews Source Type: research
The role of antibodies in tuberculosis diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy: a review from the ESGMYC study group
Tuberculosis (TB) is still responsible for the deaths of >1 million people yearly worldwide, and therefore its correct diagnosis is one of the key components of any TB eradication programme. However, current TB diagnostic tests have many limitations, and improved diagnostic accuracy is urgently needed. To improve the diagnostic performance of traditional serology, a combination of different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens and different antibody isotypes has been suggested, with some showing promising performance for the diagnosis of active TB. Given the incomplete protection conferred by bacille Calmette&ndash...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 9, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Melkie, S. T., Arias, L., Farroni, C., Jankovic Makek, M., Goletti, D., Vilaplana, C. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
Chronic lung diseases: entangled in extracellular matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the scaffold that provides structure and support to all organs, including the lung; however, it is also much more than this. The ECM provides biochemical and biomechanical cues to cells that reside or transit through this micro-environment, instructing their responses. The ECM structure and composition changes in chronic lung diseases; how such changes impact disease pathogenesis is not as well understood. Cells bind to the ECM through surface receptors, of which the integrin family is one of the most widely recognised. The signals that cells receive from the ECM regulate their attachment,...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 9, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Burgess, J. K., Harmsen, M. C. Tags: Lung biology and experimental studies Lung Science Conference Reviews Source Type: research
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has resulted in millions of deaths and a major strain on health systems worldwide. Medical treatments for COVID-19 (anticoagulants, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs, oxygenation therapy and ventilation) and vaccination have improved patient outcomes. The majority of patients will recover spontaneously or after acute-phase management, but clinicians are now faced with long-term complications of COVID-19 including a large variety of symptoms, defined as "post-acute COVID...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 9, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Montani, D., Savale, L., Noel, N., Meyrignac, O., Colle, R., Gasnier, M., Corruble, E., Beurnier, A., Jutant, E.-M., Pham, T., Lecoq, A.-L., Papon, J.-F., Figueiredo, S., Harrois, A., Humbert, M., Monnet, X., for the COMEBAC Study Group Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis COVID-19 Review Source Type: research
Pulmonary capillary recruitment and distention in mammalian lungs: species similarities
Pulmonary arterial pressure rises minimally during exercise. The pulmonary microcirculation accommodates increasing blood flow via recruitment of pulmonary capillaries and, at higher flows, by distention of already perfused capillaries. The flow transition range between recruitment and distention has not been studied or compared across mammalian species, including humans. We hypothesised that the range would be similar. Functional pulmonary capillary surface area (FCSA) can be estimated using validated metabolic techniques. We reviewed data from previous studies in three mammalian species (perfused rabbit lungs and dog lun...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 22, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Langleben, D., Fox, B. D., Orfanos, S. E., Giovinazzo, M., Catravas, J. D. Tags: Lung biology and experimental studies Reviews Source Type: research
Neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic lung disease: implications for pathogenesis and therapy
Neutrophilic inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiology of multiple chronic lung diseases. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has emerged as a key mechanism of disease in neutrophilic lung diseases including asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis and, most recently, bronchiectasis. NETs are large, web-like structures composed of DNA and anti-microbial proteins that are able to bind pathogens, prevent microbial dissemination and degrade bacterial virulence factors. The release of excess concentrations of proteases, antimicrobial proteins, DNA and histones, however, also leads to tissue damage, impaired mu...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 22, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Keir, H. R., Chalmers, J. D. Tags: Lung biology and experimental studies Reviews Source Type: research
Holy Grail: the journey towards disease modification in asthma
At present, there is no cure for asthma, and treatment typically involves therapies that prevent or reduce asthma symptoms, without modifying the underlying disease. A "disease-modifying" treatment can be classed as able to address the pathogenesis of a disease, preventing progression or leading to a long-term reduction in symptoms. Such therapies have been investigated and approved in other indications, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic disease. Asthma's heterogeneous nature has made the discovery of similar therapies in asthma more difficult, although novel therapies (e.g. biologics) may ha...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 22, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Busse, W. W., Melen, E., Menzies-Gow, A. N. Tags: Asthma and allergy Reviews Source Type: research
Management of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease: therapeutic advances and emerging treatments
Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) remains a challenging condition to diagnose and treat effectively. Treatment of NTM-PD is prolonged, frequently associated with adverse effects and has variable success. In this review, we consider the factors influencing clinicians when treating NTM-PD and discuss outcomes from key studies on the pharmacological management of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease and M. abscessus pulmonary disease. We highlight issues relating to treatment-related toxicity and provide an overview of repurposed and emerging therapies for NTM-PD. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 9, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kumar, K., Daley, C. L., Griffith, D. E., Loebinger, M. R. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
Clinical significance and applications of oscillometry
Recently, "Technical standards for respiratory oscillometry" was published, which reviewed the physiological basis of oscillometric measures and detailed the technical factors related to equipment and test performance, quality assurance and reporting of results. Here we present a review of the clinical significance and applications of oscillometry. We briefly review the physiological principles of oscillometry and the basics of oscillometry interpretation, and then describe what is currently known about oscillometry in its role as a sensitive measure of airway resistance, bronchodilator responsiveness and bronchial challen...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 9, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kaminsky, D. A., Simpson, S. J., Berger, K. I., Calverley, P., de Melo, P. L., Dandurand, R., Dellaca, R. L., Farah, C. S., Farre, R., Hall, G. L., Ioan, I., Irvin, C. G., Kaczka, D. W., King, G. G., Kurosawa, H., Lombardi, E., Maksym, G. N., Marchal, F., Tags: Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research
