Animal models of silicosis: fishing for new therapeutic targets and treatments
Silicosis as an occupational lung disease has been present in our lives for centuries. Research studies have already developed and implemented many animal models to study the pathogenesis and molecular basis of the disease and enabled the search for treatments. As all experimental animal models used to date have their advantages and disadvantages, there is a continuous search for a better model, which will not only accelerate basic research, but also contribute to clinical aspects and drug development. We review here, for the first time, the main animal models developed to date to study silicosis and the unique advantages ...
Source: European Respiratory Review - August 9, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Martinez-Lopez, A., Candel, S., Tyrkalska, S. D. Tags: Epidemiology, occupational and environmental lung disease, Lung biology and experimental studies Reviews Source Type: research

Guidance and standard operating procedures for functional exercise testing in cystic fibrosis
This article provides expert, opinion-based clinical practice guidance, along with test instructions, for a selection of commonly used valid tests which have documented clinimetric properties for PwCF. Importantly, this document also highlights previously used tests that are no longer suggested for PwCF and areas where research is mandated. This collaboration, on behalf of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Exercise Working Group, represents expert consensus by a multidisciplinary panel of physiotherapists, exercise scientists and clinicians and aims to improve global standardisation of functional exercise testing of PwC...
Source: European Respiratory Review - August 9, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Saynor, Z. L., Gruet, M., McNarry, M. A., Button, B., Morrison, L., Wagner, M., Sawyer, A., Hebestreit, H., Radtke, T., Urquhart, D. S., on behalf of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Exercise Working Group Tags: Respiratory clinical practice, CF and non-CF bronchiectasis Reviews Source Type: research

Fixed-intensity exercise tests to measure exertional dyspnoea in chronic heart and lung populations: a systematic review
Conclusion Considerable methodological variety of fixed-intensity exercise tests exists to assess exertional dyspnoea and most test protocols require incremental exercise tests. There does not appear to be a simple, universal test for measuring exertional dyspnoea in the clinical setting. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - August 9, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Palmer, T., Obst, S. J., Aitken, C. R., Walsh, J., Sabapathy, S., Adams, L., Morris, N. R. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research

Post-COVID-19 dyspnoea and pulmonary imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions Imaging abnormalities were common 3 months after COVID-19 and their occurrence was significantly related to the presence of dyspnoea. This suggests that CT imaging is a sensitive tool for detecting pulmonary abnormalities in patients with dyspnoea, even in the presence of normal spirometric measurements. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - August 9, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Guinto, E., Gerayeli, F. V., Eddy, R. L., Lee, H., Milne, S., Sin, D. D. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice, Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research

Innovative three-dimensional models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research
This article summarises and provides an outline of the European Respiratory Society research seminar "Innovative 3D models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research", held in Lisbon, Portugal, in April 2022. Current in vitro models developed for recapitulating healthy and diseased lungs are outlined and discussed with respect to the challenges associated with them, efforts to develop best practices for model generation, characterisation and utilisation of models and state-of-the-art translational potential. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 26, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nizamoglu, M., Joglekar, M. M., Almeida, C. R., Larsson Callerfelt, A.-K., Dupin, I., Guenat, O. T., Henrot, P., van Os, L., Otero, J., Elowsson, L., Farre, R., Burgess, J. K. Tags: Lung biology and experimental studies Reviews Source Type: research

A critical interpretive synthesis of the lived experiences and health and patient-reported outcomes of people living with COPD who isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic
Conclusions: Patients with COPD who isolated at home during the COVID-19 pandemic had a heightened perception of risk which was influenced by cognitive, experiential and sociocultural factors. The consequences of this were varied and included both positive (reduced exacerbations and hospitalisations) and negative (social isolation, deconditioning, diminished capacity for self-care) outcomes. Understanding risk and the impacts it can have could help clinicians to support people with COPD return to their pre-pandemic way of living and enable better communication of ongoing risk from respiratory viral illness. (Source: Europe...
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 26, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Swain, R., Forsyth, F., Bowers, B., Early, F., Kuhn, I., Shrivastva, S., Tufnell, R., Fuld, J. Tags: COPD and smoking, Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research

Multiple breath washout and oscillometry after allogenic HSCT: a scoping review
Pulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a substantial cause of pulmonary morbidity and mortality post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Current spirometry-based monitoring strategies have significant limitations. Understanding the utility of novel peripheral airway function tests – multiple breath washout (MBW) and oscillometry – is critical in efforts to improve detection, facilitate earlier intervention and improve outcomes. In this scoping review, we identified 17 studies investigating MBW or oscillometry, or both, after allogenic HSCT. Despite small study numbers limiting the a...
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 26, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sonneveld, N., Rayment, J. H., Usemann, J., Nielsen, K. G., Robinson, P. D. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research

Regenerative and translational medicine in COPD: hype and hope
This article presents the state of the art of cell-based therapy in COPD. Clinical trials that have already been completed and with published results are discussed in detail. We also discuss the questions that remain unanswered about cell-based regenerative and translational medicine for COPD. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 26, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Guarnier, L. P., Moro, L. G., Livero, F. A. d. R., de Faria, C. A., Azevedo, M. F., Roma, B. P., Albuquerque, E. R., Malagutti-Ferreira, M. J., Rodrigues, A. G. D., da Silva, A. A., Sekiya, E. J., Ribeiro-Paes, J. T. Tags: COPD and smoking Reviews Source Type: research

Natural killer cells in the lung: potential role in asthma and virus-induced exacerbation?
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder whose pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms are not completely understood. Asthma exacerbations are mostly driven by respiratory viral infections and characterised by worsening of symptoms. Despite current therapies, asthma exacerbations can still be life-threatening. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells well known for their antiviral activity and are present in the lung as circulating and resident cells. However, their functions in asthma and its exacerbations are still unclear. In this review, we will address NK cell activation and functions, which...
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 12, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lepretre, F., Gras, D., Chanez, P., Duez, C. Tags: Mechanisms of lung disease, Asthma and allergy Reviews Source Type: research

Performance-based outcome measures to assess functionality in hospitalised patients with COPD exacerbations: a systematic review of the measurement properties
Conclusion Measurement properties of performance-based outcome measures to assess functionality in patients hospitalised with ECOPD are still scarce, with very low evidence supporting validity and a lack of evidence of responsiveness and reliability. Further studies are needed to address this topic and guide assertive and personalised management. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 12, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Leonardi, N. T., Kawakami, D. M. O., Hurst, J. R., Cruz, J., Mendes, R. G. Tags: COPD and smoking Reviews Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 post-acute sequelae in previously hospitalised patients: systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Conclusions A wide spectrum of persistent PASC-associated symptoms were reported over the 1-year follow-up period in a significant proportion of participants. Further research is needed to better define PASC duration and determine whether factors such as disease severity, vaccination and treatments have an impact on PASC. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 12, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kelly, J. D., Curteis, T., Rawal, A., Murton, M., Clark, L. J., Jafry, Z., Shah-Gupta, R., Berry, M., Espinueva, A., Chen, L., Abdelghany, M., Sweeney, D. A., Quint, J. K. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research

Ear and upper airway clinical outcome measures for use in primary ciliary dyskinesia research: a scoping review
Conclusions This scoping review highlights the lack of data regarding ear and upper airway outcomes in PCD. It also reports a high heterogeneity in outcome definitions or measures. We provide well-founded specific suggestions to standardise ear and upper airway outcome definitions and reporting for future PCD research studies. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 12, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Alexandru, M., Veil, R., Rubbo, B., Goutaki, M., Kim, S., Lam, Y. T., Nevoux, J., Lucas, J. S., Papon, J.-F. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice, Paediatric pulmonology Reviews Source Type: research

Physical activity measurements in individuals with interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion The use of activity monitors and questionnaires in ILD lacks consistency. Improvement is required in the reporting quality of PA measurement methods using activity monitors. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - July 12, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Iwakura, M., Kawagoshi, A., Tamaki, A., Oki, Y., Oshima, Y., Spruit, M. A. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease Reviews Source Type: research

"Noninvasive respiratory support after extubation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis".A. Boscolo, T. Pettenuzzo, N. Sella, M. Zatta, M. Salvagno, M. Tassone, C. Pretto, A. Peralta, L. Muraro, F. Zarantonello, A. Bruni, F. Geraldini, A. De Cassai and P. Navalesi. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32: 220196.
(Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - June 21, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Author correction Source Type: research

The role of oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnoea
There is now widespread recognition within the world of sleep medicine of the increasing importance of dental sleep medicine and, in particular, the role of oral appliance therapy (OAT) in the management of adults with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). For the purpose of this review, the term OAT refers to a custom-made intra-oral appliance, which acts to posture the mandible in a forward and downward direction, away from its natural resting position. Whilst nasally applied continuous positive airway pressure remains the "gold standard" in nonsurgical OSA management, OAT remains the recognised alternative treatment. This rev...
Source: European Respiratory Review - June 21, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Johal, A., Hamoda, M. M., Almeida, F. R., Marklund, M., Tallamraju, H. Tags: Sleep medicine Reviews Source Type: research