New antibiotics for Gram-negative pneumonia
Pneumonia is frequently encountered in clinical practice, and Gram-negative bacilli constitute a significant proportion of its aetiology, especially when it is acquired in a hospital setting. With the alarming global rise in multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacilli, antibiotic therapy for treating patients with pneumonia is challenging and must be guided by in vitro susceptibility results. In this review, we provide an overview of antibiotics newly approved for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam and meropenem-vaborbactam have potent activity against s...
Source: European Respiratory Review - December 21, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bassetti, M., Magne, F., Giacobbe, D. R., Bini, L., Vena, A. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Source Type: research
Patient-reported outcomes to assess dyspnoea in interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension: a systematic literature review of measurement properties
Conclusion:
Four dyspnoea-specific PROMs, D12, ERS-IPF-B, KBILD-B and UCSD-SOBQ, can be recommended for use in patients with ILD, including CTD-associated ILD. Of these four, the D12, despite the limited evidence and the lack of evidence on several important domains, is also suitable for use in patients with PH, including CTD-associated PH. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - December 21, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lemmers, J. M. J., Vonk, M. C., van den Ende, C. H. M. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease, Respiratory clinical practice, Pulmonary vascular disease Reviews Source Type: research
Sensitivity and complications of thoracentesis and thoracoscopy: a meta-analysis
Background
Thoracentesis and thoracoscopy are used to diagnose malignant pleural effusions (MPE). Data on how sensitivity varies with tumour type is limited.
Methods
Systematic review using PubMed was performed through August 2020 to determine the sensitivity of thoracentesis and thoracoscopy for MPE secondary to malignancy, by cancer type, and complication rates. Tests to identify sources of heterogeneity were performed. Study quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 and National Institutes of Health quality assessment tools. Publication bias was tested using funnel plots.
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Source: European Respiratory Review - December 21, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Martinez-Zayas, G., Molina, S., Ost, D. E. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice, Lung cancer Reviews Source Type: research
Virtual consultations for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion
The findings of this review suggest that virtual care delivered by telephone or video consultations is as effective as in-person consultations for improving subjective sleepiness in patients with OSAHS treated with CPAP. This clinical management strategy may also improve CPAP adherence without increasing the costs, supporting its potential as a follow-up management strategy, where patients prefer this approach. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - December 14, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Alsaif, S. S., Kelly, J. L., Little, S., Pinnock, H., Morrell, M. J., Polkey, M. I., Murphie, P. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice, Sleep medicine Reviews Source Type: research
Circulating tumour cells in patients with lung cancer universally indicate poor prognosis
Conclusion:
CTCs indicate poor prognosis in patients with primary lung cancer, with CTCs in SCLC having a more pronounced prognostic effect. The prognostic value of CTCs detected by different markers varies; most evidence is available for the strong negative prognostic effect of epithelial CTCs. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - December 14, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jin, F., Zhu, L., Shao, J., Yakoub, M., Schmitt, L., Reissfelder, C., Loges, S., Benner, A., Schölch, S. Tags: Lung cancer Reviews Source Type: research
Severe community-acquired pneumonia
is the most life-threatening form of community-acquired pneumonia, characterised by intensive care unit admission and high morbidity and mortality. In this review article, we cover in depth six aspects of severe community-acquired pneumonia that are still controversial: use of PCR molecular techniques for microbial diagnosis; the role of biomarkers for initial management; duration of treatment, macrolides or quinolones in the initial empirical antibiotic therapy; the use of prediction scores for drug-resistant pathogens to modify initial empiric therapy; the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow nasal ox...
Source: European Respiratory Review - December 14, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Niederman, M. S., Torres, A. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Source Type: research
Pulmonary aspergillosis: diagnosis and treatment
Aspergillus species are the most frequent cause of fungal infections of the lungs with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). IPA affects immunocompromised populations, which are increasing in number and diversity with the advent of novel anti-cancer therapies. Moreover, IPA has emerged as a complication of severe influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 in apparently immunocompetent hosts. CPA mainly affects patients with pre-existing lung lesions and is recognised increasingly frequently among patients with long-term survival fo...
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 29, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lamoth, F., Calandra, T. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Source Type: research
Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused severe illness and mortality for millions worldwide. Despite the development, approval and rollout of vaccination programmes globally to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), treatments are still urgently needed to improve outcomes. Early in the pandemic it was observed that patients with pre-existing asthma or COPD were underrepresented among those with COVID-19. Evidence from clinical studies indicates that the inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) routinely taken for asthma and COPD could ha...
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 29, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bafadhel, M., Faner, R., Taille, C., Russell, R. E. K., Welte, T., Barnes, P. J., Agusti, A. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice, Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
Parasitic lung diseases
are caused by a number of parasites as a result of transient passage in the lung or as a result of an immunologic reaction. The clinical presentation may be in the form of focal or cystic lesions, pleural effusion or diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. With increasing globalisation, it is important to consider parasitic infections in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases. This is particularly important since early identification and prompt therapy result in full cure of these conditions. In this review, we summarise the most common parasitic lung diseases. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 29, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Kim, H., Memish, Z. A. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Source Type: research
Respiratory muscle training in neuromuscular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions
Respiratory muscle training improves lung volumes and respiratory muscle strength in neuromuscular disease, but confidence is tempered by limitations in the underlying research. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 29, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Watson, K., Egerton, T., Sheers, N., Retica, S., McGaw, R., Clohessy, T., Webster, P., Berlowitz, D. J. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research
Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in older and high-risk adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence from developed countries
Conclusions
Older and high-risk adults frequently experience symptomatic RSV infection, with appreciable mortality; however, detailed data are lacking. Increased surveillance and research are needed to quantify population-based disease burden and facilitate RSV treatments and vaccine development. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 15, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nguyen-Van-Tam, J. S., O'Leary, M., Martin, E. T., Heijnen, E., Callendret, B., Fleischhackl, R., Comeaux, C., Tran, T. M. P., Weber, K. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
The role of gene-ambient air pollution interactions in paediatric asthma
Globally, asthma prevention and treatment remain a challenge. Ambient air pollution (AAP) is an environmental risk factor of special interest in asthma research. AAP is poorly defined and has been subdivided either by the origin of the air pollution or by the specific bioactive compounds. The link between AAP exposure and asthma exacerbations is well established and has been extensively reviewed. In this narrative review, we discuss the specific genetic variants that have been associated with increased AAP sensitivity and impact in paediatric asthma. We highlight the relative importance of variants associated with genes wi...
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 15, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kelchtermans, J., Hakonarson, H. Tags: Epidemiology, occupational and environmental lung disease, Asthma and allergy Reviews Source Type: research
Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal in acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a systematic review, Bayesian meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Conclusions:
The use of ECCO2R in patients with AHRF is not associated with improvements in clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it is likely that further trials of ECCO2R aiming to achieve an absolute risk reduction in mortality of ≥10% are futile. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 15, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Millar, J. E., Boyle, A. J., Drake, T. M., Adams, C. E., Glass, A. W., Blackwood, B., McNamee, J. J., McAuley, D. F. Tags: Acute lung injury and critical care Reviews Source Type: research
Reply to: "Nicotine or tobacco abstinence?"
9 years ago, in July 2013, a group of 12 experts, many who had previously expressed support for e-cigarettes, rated the relative harm of 12 nicotine-containing products by using 14 criteria addressing harms to the users and others [1]. The group concluded e-cigarettes were substantially less harmful than combustible cigarettes. The popular media have taken up these results and promoted e-cigarettes as "95% less risky" or "95% less harmful" than combustible cigarettes. However, the authors acknowledged, "a limitation of this study is the lack of hard evidence for the harms of most products on most of the criteria" [1]....
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 2, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hanewinkel, R., Niederberger, K., Pedersen, A., Unger, J. B., Galimov, A. Tags: COPD and smoking Correspondence Source Type: research
Prognostic factors for mortality, intensive care unit and hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies in Europe
Background
As mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly age-dependent, we aimed to identify population subgroups at an elevated risk for adverse outcomes from COVID-19 using age-/gender-adjusted data from European cohort studies with the aim to identify populations that could potentially benefit from booster vaccinations.
Methods
We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of underlying medical conditions as prognostic factors for adverse outcomes due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including death, hospitalisation, intensive c...
Source: European Respiratory Review - November 2, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Vardavas, C. I., Mathioudakis, A. G., Nikitara, K., Stamatelopoulos, K., Georgiopoulos, G., Phalkey, R., Leonardi-Bee, J., Fernandez, E., Carnicer-Pont, D., Vestbo, J., Semenza, J. C., Deogan, C., Suk, J. E., Kramarz, P., Lamb, F., Penttinen, P. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
