Nonpharmacological management of psychological distress in people with COPD
Psychological distress is prevalent in people with COPD and relates to a worse course of disease. It often remains unrecognised and untreated, intensifying the burden on patients, carers and healthcare systems. Nonpharmacological management strategies have been suggested as important elements to manage psychological distress in COPD. Therefore, this review presents instruments for detecting psychological distress in COPD and provides an overview of available nonpharmacological management strategies together with available scientific evidence for their presumed benefits in COPD. Several instruments are available for detecti...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 22, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Volpato, E., Farver-Vestergaard, I., Brighton, L. J., Peters, J., Verkleij, M., Hutchinson, A., Heijmans, M., von Leupoldt, A. Tags: COPD and smoking Nonpharmacological interventions in COPD: state of the art and future directions Source Type: research
Supplemental oxygen and noninvasive ventilation
The respiratory system attempts to maintain normal levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. However, airflow limitation, parenchymal abnormalities and dysfunction of the respiratory pump may be compromised in individuals with advanced COPD, eventually leading to respiratory failure, with reduced arterial oxygen tension (hypoxaemia) and/or increased arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2; hypercapnia). Hypoxaemia may persist in individuals with severe COPD despite smoking cessation and optimisation of pharmacotherapy. Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) can improve survival in those with severe daytime hypoxaemia, whereas those wit...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 22, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Owens, R. L., Derom, E., Ambrosino, N. Tags: COPD and smoking Nonpharmacological interventions in COPD: state of the art and future directions Source Type: research
Lung transplantation for COPD/pulmonary emphysema
COPD and α-1 antitrypsin deficiency emphysema remain one of the major indications for lung transplantation. If all other treatment possibilities are exhausted or not possible (including rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, noninvasive ventilation, lung volume reduction), patients may qualify for lung transplantation. Strict selection criteria are implemented with a lot of relative and absolute contraindications. Because of an ongoing donor shortage, only a minority of endstage COPD patients will finally get transplanted. The procedure may involve a single or a double lung transplantation, dependent on the experience of th...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 22, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Verleden, G. M., Gottlieb, J. Tags: COPD and smoking Nonpharmacological interventions in COPD: state of the art and future directions Source Type: research
Patient-reported outcome measures for paediatric acute lower respiratory infection studies
Conclusions
There is an urgent need for PROM development that considers the populations in which the burden of ALRI predominates. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 8, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Oakes, D. B., Baker, M. J., McLeod, C., Nattabi, B., Blyth, C. C. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice, Paediatric pulmonology Reviews Source Type: research
Prevalence, imaging patterns and risk factors of interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Discussion
We identified substantial variability in ILD across CTD subtypes suggesting that CTD-ILD is too heterogenous to be considered a single entity. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 8, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Joy, G. M., Arbiv, O. A., Wong, C. K., Lok, S. D., Adderley, N. A., Dobosz, K. M., Johannson, K. A., Ryerson, C. J. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease Reviews Source Type: research
Strength of association between comorbidities and asthma: a meta-analysis
Conclusion
This meta-analysis supports the relevance of individualised strategies for disease management that look beyond asthma. A multidimensional approach should be used to assess whether poor symptom control is related to uncontrolled asthma or to uncontrolled underlying comorbidities. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 8, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Rogliani, P., Laitano, R., Ora, J., Beasley, R., Calzetta, L. Tags: Asthma and allergy Reviews Source Type: research
Severe COVID-19 versus multisystem inflammatory syndrome: comparing two critical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with diverse host response immunodynamics and variable inflammatory manifestations. Several immune-modulating risk factors can contribute to a more severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) course with increased morbidity and mortality. The comparatively rare post-infectious multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) can develop in formerly healthy individuals, with accelerated progression to life-threatening illness. A common trajectory of immune dysregulation forms a continuum of the COVID-19 spectrum and MIS; however, severity of COVID-19...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 8, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fraser, R., Orta-Resendiz, A., Dockrell, D., Müller-Trutwin, M., Mazein, A. Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
The role of smoking in COVID-19 progression: a comprehensive meta-analysis
The association between current smoking and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression remains uncertain. We aim to provide up-to-date evidence of the role of cigarette smoking in COVID-19 hospitalisation, severity and mortality. On 23 February 2022 we conducted an umbrella review and a traditional systematic review via PubMed/Medline and Web of Science. We used random-effects meta-analyses to derive pooled odds ratios of COVID-19 outcomes for smokers in cohorts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infected individuals or COVID-19 patients. We followed the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidem...
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 8, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gallus, S., Scala, M., Possenti, I., Jarach, C. M., Clancy, L., Fernandez, E., Gorini, G., Carreras, G., Malevolti, M. C., Commar, A., Fayokun, R., Gouda, H. N., Prasad, V. M., Lugo, A. Tags: COPD and smoking, Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Reviews Source Type: research
Forbearance with endobronchial stenting: cognisance before conviction
This article reviews and outlines the key principles of endobronchial stenting and important clinical scenarios in which stenting should be avoided. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 8, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Avasarala, S. K., Dutau, H., Mehta, A. C. Tags: Respiratory clinical practice Reviews Source Type: research
Positive airway pressure therapy for post-stroke sleep disordered breathing: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Conclusions
Post-stroke patients with SDB benefited from PAP therapy. Prospective trials are needed to determine the ideal initiation period and the minimum effective therapeutic dose. (Source: European Respiratory Review)
Source: European Respiratory Review - March 8, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Toh, Z. A., Cheng, L. J., Wu, X. V., De Silva, D. A., Oh, H. X., Ng, S. X., He, H.-G., Pikkarainen, M. Tags: Sleep medicine Reviews Source Type: research
New trends in pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a prevalent disease of the pulmonary vasculature that is characterised by considerable morbidity and mortality. Substantial efforts have been made in recent years to improve disease recognition, diagnosis and management, and this is reflected in current guidelines. The haemodynamic definition of PH has been revised and a definition for exercise PH has been provided. Risk stratification has been refined and the importance of comorbidities and phenotyping have been highlighted. These changes provide an opportunity to potentially identify pulmonary vascular disease at an earlier stage and to enh...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 21, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Cullivan, S., Gaine, S., Sitbon, O. Tags: Pulmonary vascular disease The world of rare lung diseases Source Type: research
Phosphodiesterase 4B inhibition: a potential novel strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis
Patients with interstitial lung disease can develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype characterised by an irreversible, progressive decline in lung function despite treatment. Current therapies slow, but do not reverse or stop, disease progression and are associated with side-effects that can cause treatment delay or discontinuation. Most crucially, mortality remains high. There is an unmet need for more efficacious and better-tolerated and -targeted treatments for pulmonary fibrosis. Pan-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been investigated in respiratory conditions. However, the use of oral inhibitors can be compl...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 21, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kolb, M., Crestani, B., Maher, T. M. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease, Pulmonary pharmacology and therapeutics Reviews Source Type: research
Diagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease
Childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILDs) are rare and heterogeneous diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. An accurate and quick aetiological diagnosis may contribute to better management and personalised treatment. On behalf of the European Respiratory Society Clinical Research Collaboration for chILD (ERS CRC chILD-EU), this review summarises the roles of the general paediatrician, paediatric pulmonologists and expert centres in the complex diagnostic workup. Each patient's aetiological chILD diagnosis must be reached without prolonged delays in a stepwise approach from medical history, signs, symptoms, ...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 21, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nathan, N., Griese, M., Michel, K., Carlens, J., Gilbert, C., Emiralioglu, N., Torrent-Vernetta, A., Marczak, H., Willemse, B., Delestrain, C., Epaud, R., on behalf of the ERS CRC chILD-EU group Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease The world of rare lung diseases Source Type: research
The flare of care for rare: per aspera ad astra for rare lung diseases!
Rare lung diseases have been noticed for centuries: studies on a mummy of an Egyptian male from the 12th dynasty (1991–1783 BC) showed the presence of an interstitial lung disease called sand pneumoconiosis [1]. Rare disorders have a great impact on patients and their families, yet they are frequently misdiagnosed and undertreated [2]. This is caused, in part, by general as well as healthcare professionals’ lack of knowledge of these disorders. Additionally, because rare disorders are so uncommon, there is frequently a shortage of funding for studies into, and management of, these conditions. The understan...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 7, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Wijsenbeek, M., Humbert, M., Wagner, T., Kreuter, M. Tags: Interstitial and orphan lung disease Editorials Source Type: research
Rare thoracic cancers: a comprehensive overview of diagnosis and management of small cell lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma and thymic epithelial tumours
Despite the progress in outcomes seen with immunotherapy in various malignancies, including nonsmall cell lung cancer, the benefits are less in small cell lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma and thymic epithelial tumours. New effective treatment options are needed, guided via more in-depth insights into the pathophysiology of these rare malignancies. This review comprehensively presents an overview of the clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, staging systems, pathophysiology and treatment options for these rare thoracic cancers. In addition, opportunities for further improvement of therapies are discussed. (Sour...
Source: European Respiratory Review - February 7, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dumoulin, D. W., Bironzo, P., Passiglia, F., Scagliotti, G. V., Aerts, J. G. J. V., on behalf of the ERN-LUNG Core Network Mesothelioma Tags: Lung cancer The world of rare lung diseases Source Type: research
