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Periodic systems with time dependent maximal monotone operators
AbstractWe consider a first order periodic system in ℝN, involving a time dependent maximal monotone operator which need not have a full domain and a multivalued perturbation. We prove the existence theorems for both the convex and nonconvex problems. We also show the existence of extremal periodic solutions and provide a strong relaxation theorem. Finally, we provide an application to nonlinear periodic control systems. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

On the stability of periodic solutions of piecewise smooth periodic differential equations
AbstractIn this paper, we address the stability of periodic solutions of piecewise smooth periodic differential equations. By studying the Poincar é map, we give a sufficient condition to judge the stability of a periodic solution. We also present examples of some applications. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Multifractal analysis of convergence exponents for products of consecutive partial quotients in continued fractions
AbstractFor each real numberx∈ (0, 1), let [a1 (x),a2 (x), ⋯,an (x), ⋯] denote its continued fraction expansion. We study the convergence exponent defined by$$\tau (x): = \inf \left\{{s \ge 0:\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {{{\left({{a_n}(x){a_{n + 1}}(x)} \right)}^{- s}}< \infty}} \right\},$$ which reflects the growth rate of the product of two consecutive partial quotients. As a main result, the Hausdorff dimensions of the level sets ofτ(x) are determined. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Mean sensitivity and Banach mean sensitivity for linear operators
AbstractLet (X, T) be a linear dynamical system, whereX is a Banach space andT:X→X is a bounded linear operator. This paper obtains that (X, T) is sensitive (Li-Yorke sensitive, mean sensitive, syndetically mean sensitive, respectively) if and only if (X, T) is Banach mean sensitive (Banach mean Li-Yorke sensitive, thickly multi-mean sensitive, thickly syndetically mean sensitive, respectively). Several examples are provided to distinguish between different notions of mean sensitivity, syndetic mean sensitivity and mean Li-Yorke sensitivity. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Refinements of the norm of two orthogonal projections
AbstractIn this paper, some refinements of norm equalities and inequalities of combination of two orthogonal projections are established. We use certain norm inequalities for positive contraction operator to establish norm inequalities for combination of orthogonal projections on a Hilbert space. Furthermore, we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the norm of the above combination of orthogonal pro jections attains its optimal value. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Temporal tracking of cysteine 34 oxidation of plasma albumin as a biomarker of muscle damage following a bout of eccentric exercise
ConclusionThe levels of thiol-oxidised albumin increase in response to EIMD and remain elevated for several days post-exercise. The temporal pattern of change in the level of thiol-oxidised albumin suggests that this may be a useful biomarker of muscle repair post-EIMD. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Board of directors ’ attributes and aspects of cybersecurity disclosure
This study draws on upper echelons and signaling theories to examine the association between various board of directors ’ characteristics and extent of overall cybersecurity disclosure and its individual aspects. Extent of cybersecurity disclosure is measured based on a content analysis of annual financial regulatory filings of the 250 companies listed on the S&P/TSX Composite Index, using a scoring grid of 40 items grouped into seven categories representing different aspects of cybersecurity disclosure. This expanded disclosure measurement provides original insights for firms and their stakeholders. The main finding...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

On a calculable Skorokhod ’s integral based projection estimator of the drift function in fractional SDE
AbstractThis paper deals with a Skorokhod ’s integral based projection type estimator\({\widehat{b}}_m\) of the drift function\(b_0\) computed from\(N\in \mathbb N^*\) independent copies\(X^1,\dots ,X^N\) of the solutionX of\(dX_t = b_0(X_t)dt +\sigma dB_t\), whereB is a fractional Brownian motion of Hurst index\(H\in (1/2,1)\). Skorokhod ’s integral based estimators cannot be calculated directly from\(X^1,\dots ,X^N\), but in this paper an\(\mathbb L^2\)-error bound is established on a calculable approximation of\({\widehat{b}}_m\). (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Statistical estimation and nonlinear filtering in environmental pollution
AbstractMotivated by the water pollution detection, this paper studies a nonlinear filtering problem over an infinite time interval. The signal to be estimated, which indicates the concentration of undesired chemical in a river, is driven by a stochastic partial differential equation involves unknown parameters. Based on discrete observation, strongly consistent estimators of unknown parameters are derived at first. With the optimal filter given by Bayes formula, the uniqueness of invariant measure for the signal-filter pair has been verified. The paper then establishes approximation to the optimal filter with estimators, ...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Weak convergence of the conditional U-statistics for locally stationary functional time series
AbstractIn recent years, the direction has turned to non-stationary time series. Here the situation is more complicated: it is often unclear how to set down a meaningful asymptotic for non-stationary processes. For this reason, the theory of locally stationary processes arose, and it is based on infill asymptotics created from non-parametric statistics. The present paper aims to develop a framework for inference of locally stationary functional time series based on the so-called conditionalU-statistics introduced by Stute (Ann Probab 19:812 –825, 1991), and may be viewed as a generalization of the Nadaraya-Watson regress...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Nonparametric estimation for random effects models driven by fractional Brownian motion using Hermite polynomials
AbstractWe propose a nonparametric estimation of random effects from the following fractional diffusions\(dX^{j}(t) = \psi _{j}X^{j}(t)d t+X^{j}(t)d W^{H,j}(t), \)\(~X^j(0)=x^j_0,~t\ge 0, \)\( j=1,\ldots ,n,\) where\(\psi _j\) are random variables and\( W^{j,H}\) are fractional Brownian motions with a common known Hurst index\(H\in (0,1)\). We are concerned with the study of Hermite projection and kernel density estimators for the\(\psi _j\)’s common density, when the horizon time of observation is fixed or sufficiently large. We corroborate these theoretical results through simulations. An empirical application is made ...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The distribution of the maximum likelihood estimates of the change point and their relation to random walks
AbstractThe problem of estimating the change point in a sequence of independent observations is considered. Hinkley (1970) demonstrated that the maximum likelihood estimate of the change point is associated with a two-sided random walk in which the ascending and descending epochs and heights are the key elements for its evaluation. The aim here is to expand the information generated from the random walks and from fluctuation theory and applied to the change point formulation. This permits us to obtain computable expressions for the asymptotic distribution of the change point with respect to convolutions and Laplace transfo...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

A pseudo-likelihood estimator of the Ornstein –Uhlenbeck parameters from suprema observations
AbstractIn this paper, we propose an estimator for the Ornstein –Uhlenbeck parameters based on observations of its supremum. We derive an analytic expression for the supremum density. Making use of the pseudo-likelihood method based on the supremum density, our estimator is constructed as the maximal argument of this function. Using weak-dependency results, we prove some statistical properties on the estimator such as consistency and asymptotic normality. Finally, we apply our estimator to simulated and real data. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Statistical inference for discretely sampled stochastic functional differential equations with small noise
AbstractEstimating parameters of drift and diffusion coefficients for multidimensional stochastic delay equations with small noise are considered. The delay structure is written as an integral form with respect to a delay measure. Our contrast function is based on a local-Gauss approximation to the transition probability density of the process. We show consistency and asymptotic normality of the minimum-contrast estimator when a small dispersion coefficient\(\varepsilon \rightarrow 0\) and sample size\(n\rightarrow \infty \) simultaneously. (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Effect of repeated post-resistance exercise cold or hot water immersion on in-season inflammatory responses in academy rugby players: a randomised controlled cross-over design
ConclusionPost-resistance exercise CWI or HWI resulted in trivial and moderate reductions in CK, respectively, which may be partly due to hydrostatic effects of water immersion. Post-resistance exercise HWI moderately decreased IL-1ra, which may be associated with post-resistance exercise skeletal muscle inflammation influencing chronic resistance exercise adaptive responses. Following post-resistance exercise water immersion, CWI increased HSP-72 suggesting a thermoregulatory response indicating improved adaptive inflammatory responses to temperature changes, while HWI increased growth factors (PDGF-BB, IGF-1) indicating ...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - April 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research