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Post-traumatic Headaches After Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Clinical Approaches
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date literature on post-traumatic headache (PTH) and define a clear nomenclature for variable clinical presentations. This review discusses an evidence-based approach to the prognostication and treatment of PTH, which are further described in two clinical cases.Recent FindingsAs significant morbidity is associated with PTH, recent literature has focused on improved identification. Accurate diagnosis has led to targeted treatment that incorporates a multi-modal approach including pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions.SummaryA detailed his...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - July 2, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Emotional Disturbances After Traumatic Brain Injury: Prevalence, Assessment, and Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEmotional disturbances are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and this review article examines the common mood difficulties, explores differential diagnoses, and suggests evidence-based treatment methods.Recent FindingsA robust clinical interview and the utilization of standardized and validated measures are important to accurately diagnose certain mood disturbances and differentiate them from other brain-injury-related presentations. Accurate diagnosis can assist with efficient and effective treatment methods, and evidence-based treatment includes the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (C...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - June 30, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Safety, Precautions, and Modalities in Cancer Rehabilitation: an Updated Review
This article provides the reader with a summary of frequently encountered medical conditions in the cancer population and associated safety considerations and precautions. An update on treatment modalities commonly used for symptom management is also presented.Recent FindingsCancer and cancer treatments can cause changes in multiple organ systems. Special considerations and precautions are necessary to provide safe and effective rehabilitation. Physical modalities can be used as monotherapy or adjunct to treatment for common cancer-related side effects with recent studies noting benefit with a variety of modalities.Summary...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - June 19, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Occupational Therapists in the Evaluation and Treatment of Oculomotor Impairment Following Traumatic Brain Injury
We describe an interdisciplinary approach involving collaboration between optometry and occupational therapy, yielding a comprehensive model to effectively evaluate and treat oculomotor impairments in those with TBI and facilitate improved performance in daily activities. We also provide guidelines useful for OTs working in settings where collaboration with optometry is not feasible. (Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports)
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - June 2, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI): Current Clinical Approaches
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this paper is to review the history of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), discuss its pathophysiology and clinical presentation, identify radiographic parameters used to characterize FAI, and provide an updated summary of outcome-based non-operative and surgical treatments for FAI syndrome based on recent trends and developments.Recent FindingsRecent literature has shed further light onto the detailed pathophysiologic mechanisms of FAI syndrome, particularly in its relation to both osteoarthritis and hip dysplasia. This and recent outcome data have led to the development of improved...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - May 29, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Dizziness and Balance Disorders in a Traumatic Brain Injury Population: Current Clinical Approaches
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBalance deficits are frequently observed in traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). This review seeks to explore the components of the balance system affected by TBIs and current interventions used to address the underlying impairments.Recent FindingsTBIs result in a wide range of impairments often including imbalance and dizziness. The trauma can result in mechanical issues, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), or central processing issues through damage to the vestibular nucleus and pathways. Both issues can be addressed through physical therapy. BPPV treatment involves using a series of positio...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - May 4, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Resistance Exercise in Prostate Cancer Patients: a Short Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this paper is to provide an overview of recent findings concerning the utilization of resistance exercise (RE) in prostate cancer (PCa), in particular as pertaining to the management of cancer therapy side effects.Recent FindingsAs of late, studies investigating the effects of RE in PCa patients have found positive effects on muscle strength, body composition, physical functioning, quality of life, and fatigue. The combination of RE and impact training appears to decrease the loss of bone mineral density. RE seems to be well accepted and tolerated, even by patients with bone metastatic d...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - January 30, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Spinal Cord Stimulation After Spinal Cord Injury: Promising Multisystem Effects
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an exciting new area of research in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI) medicine. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in SCS related to motor control, neurogenic bladder, and cardiovascular effects and discuss future directions.Recent FindingsEpidural spinal stimulation (spES) and transcutaneous stimulation (TSS) have been shown to improve lower and upper-extremity motor control after SCI. Similarly, SCS has shown to impact bladder function and blood pressure control after SCI. Future directions include gaining a better understanding of the ...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - January 30, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Evidence for Ultrasound-Guided Carpal Tunnel Release
This report is a narrative review of the clinical evidence for ultrasound (US)-guided carpal tunnel release (USGCTR) in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).Recent FindingsTo date, there are 23 clinical publications (case reports, prospective and retrospective case series, and randomized comparative studies) on USGCTR, involving 1,072 wrists. Although many different devices have been used to perform USGCTR, current publications report>  98% clinical success rate without any documented neurovascular injuries. Of the publications, 7 were done by orthopedic surgery, 6 by physiatry, 6 by family medicine, and 1 each ...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - January 4, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Focused Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFocused extracorporeal shockwave therapy (fESWT) is a physical treatment modality developed over the last 25  years for musculoskeletal indications. It has many indications in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) and is effective, time-efficient, and cost-efficient. This review focuses on basics and on clinical indications as well as on significant trends in fESWT.Recent FindingsIn PM&R, stimulation of healing processes in tendons, surrounding tissue, and bones via mechanotransduction seems to be a relevant biological effect. The International Society for Medical Shockw...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - December 18, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Acute and Long-Term Complications of Gunshot Wounds to the Head
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTraumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to gunshot wounds is a common problem in the USA and presents with a unique set of acute and chronic complications.Recent FindingsRecent publications in trauma and critical care literature have sought to better understand incidence, demographics, and acute complications of gunshot wounds to the head. These findings, coupled with literature on rehabilitation of TBI patients secondary to gun violence, may help brain injury physiatrists better understand issues which may arise during rehabilitation. Clinical commonalities among TBI patients with gunshot wounds to...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - November 16, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Update on Evidence-Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Acetabular Labral Tears
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to assess the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and latest evidence-based treatment of acetabular labral tears.Recent FindingsThe acetabular labrum contributes to the stability of the hip. Labral tears may lead to significant pain and disability, although many are asymptomatic. Imaging and intra-articular injections are often required in addition to standard history and physical examination for accurate diagnosis. Most patients will benefit from initial conservative treatment, but those requiring surgical intervention may have better outcomes with labral repair over debridement. If the la...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - November 13, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Correction to: Comparison of Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): a Review of Low Energy Availability, Multidisciplinary Awareness, Screening Tools and Education
A Correction to this paper has been published:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40141-020-00303-2 (Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports)
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - November 12, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Acute Delirium and Post-Delirium Encephalopathy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to introduce the reader to the impact, mechanisms, and management of hospital-acquired delirium.Recent FindingsResearchers have found that in addition to increased length of stay and hospital-associated costs, delirium can lead to long-term cognitive dysfunction ( “post-delirium encephalopathy”) and potentially accelerated progression of dementia.SummaryThe best management of delirium is prevention by avoiding deliriogenic medications and through systems-based approaches to pain, sleep, and environmental management. Long-term care of patients who experienced delirium should long...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 31, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Prognostication and Determinants of Outcome in Adults and Children with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIt has been suggested in the literature that many physicians lack comfort in assessing prognosis following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this review is to investigate the most recent work on predicting outcomes after moderate-to-severe TBI.Recent FindingsTBI is one of the leading causes of disability in the USA with an estimated 13.5 million individuals affected by varying severities of TBI. Many clinical variables, including age, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, duration of posttraumatic amnesia, and duration of coma, have been studied to determine whether they play a role in out...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 28, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research