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Comparison of Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): a Review of Low Energy Availability, Multidisciplinary Awareness, Screening Tools and Education
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review low energy availability (low EA), compare the Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) screening tools and eating disorder/disordered eating questionnaires, and discuss multidisciplinary awareness, education, and treatment strategies. It provides an overview on the current state of the Triad and RED-S and assists clinicians with an overview of options for screening tools for their practice.Recent FindingsTriad Consensus Panel Screening Questions, Preparticipation Physical Exam (PPE), and Periodic Health Exam (PHE) share overlapping quest...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 23, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Comparison of Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Syndrome (RED-S): a Review of Low Energy Availability, Multidisciplinary Awareness, Screening Tools and Education
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review low energy availability (low EA), compare the Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) screening tools and eating disorder/disordered eating questionnaires, and discuss multidisciplinary awareness, education, and treatment strategies. It provides an overview on the current state of the Triad and RED-S and assists clinicians with an overview of options for screening tools for their practice.Recent FindingsTriad Consensus Panel Screening Questions, Preparticipation Physical Exam (PPE), and Periodic Health Exam (PHE) share overlapping quest...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 23, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Autonomic Dysreflexia After Spinal Cord Injury: Beyond the Basics
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this article is to update health care providers on recommended identification and management strategies for autonomic dysreflexia (AD), as well as an in-depth discussion of pharmacological management of AD. In addition, this article will focus on prevention strategies and less commonly recognized causes of AD.Recent FindingClinical practice guidelines are available with effective evaluation and management strategies to treat individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) presenting to health care professionals with AD. Three common yet easily overlooked causes of AD are distended urinary ...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 22, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Understanding Sleep Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review the prevalence, pathophysiology, outcomes, evaluation, and management of sleep dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Recent FindingsRecent research has focused on the prevalence and effects of sleep disturbance in various age groups after TBI, the correlation of subjective complaints to objective sleep measurement, the use of actigraphy to monitor sleep in those with TBI, updates to our understanding of pathophysiology of sleep dysfunction across the spectrum of severity of TBI, and newly identified associations with sleep and outcomes.SummaryProviders should cont...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 21, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

The Fascial System in Musculoskeletal Function and Myofascial Pain
This article aims to discuss the structure and function of fascial systems and the potential role in myofascial pain syndromes.Recent FindingsNew terminology differentiates anatomic structure (fascia) and function (fascial system), improving the conceptual framework and communication. Fascia has been shown to be innervated and biologically active and may have roles in nociception, proprioception, and myofascial force transmission. A number of factors may modify the function of fascial tissues through altering stiffness. A new cell type, “fasciacytes,” produces hyaluronic acid, a molecule critical to fascial lubrication...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 19, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Musculoskeletal Issues and Care for Pregnant and Postpartum Women
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper seeks to review the important musculoskeletal issues that arise for pregnant and postpartum women. It outlines the background, diagnosis, and management of these musculoskeletal issues; reviews the existing and recent literature; and offers clinical opinions from the perspective of women ’s health PM&R physicians.Recent FindingsExisting and recent literature on pelvic girdle pain, lumbosacral back pain, pubic symphysis separation, transient osteoporosis, rectus diastasis, and postpartum neuropathy offer some new insights on management, which is often context-dependent. Management r...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 10, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

The Role of Interprofessional Teams in the Biopsychosocial Management of Limb Loss
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIndividuals undergoing amputations typically present with comorbid conditions that may adversely impact mortality, mobility, residual limb healing, mood, function, and participation. Understanding how to manage these individuals holistically is essential to optimize function and reduce complications.Recent FindingsA review of recent literature suggests that a biopsychosocial, interprofessional approach remains the recommended approach to limb loss rehabilitation. This can include the following: (1) optimizing health behaviors and fostering self-management skills; (2) assessing cognitive functioning...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 5, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Evidenced-Based Management of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review the evidenced-based management of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS).Recent FindingsThere are various studies evaluating greater trochanteric pain syndrome that illustrate the mainstay of treatment is activity modification with the implementation of isometric and isotonic exercise programs. If conservative care fails, short-term benefits can be seen with corticosteroid injections. More refractory cases of GTPS should be referred for diagnostic ultrasound evaluation to illustrate gluteal tendinosis that could benefit from a targeted treatment such as percutaneous ten...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - October 5, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Role of Exercise Treatment of Low Back Pain in Pregnancy
We describe the biomechanical changes that may lead to sacroiliac dysfunction during pregnancy, pubic symphysis dysfunction, diastasis recti in the peripartum period, and pregnancy-related low back pain. Our focus was to examine the impact of exercise on each condition.Recent FindingsWe consolidated updated guidelines for physical activity throughout pregnancy, explored whether exercise is effective for stabilizing the low back and pelvic girdle in pregnant and postpartum patients as well as reviewed the absolute and relative contraindications to physical activity during pregnancy.SummaryPLBP and PPGP stem from multiple et...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - September 28, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation for the Aging Female
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewDiscuss issues of musculoskeletal rehabilitation unique to the aging female population.Recent FindingsPhysiologic and anatomic changes contribute to functional decline, morbidity, and mortality in aging women. As the lifespan increases, the burden of pain-related disability impacts women more commonly than men. Maintaining physical activity plays an important role in reducing the burden of disability.SummaryPhysical function limitations are potentially modifiable but prevention is preferable. Further research in prevention and management of rehabilitation issues (including sarcopenia, frailty, ...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - September 24, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Avoiding the Downward Spiral After Stroke: Early Identification and Treatment of Dysphagia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper reviews recent evidence concerning the epidemiology, evaluation, and treatment of post-stroke dysphagia.Recent FindingsThe large variability in dysphagia severity and outcomes after stroke warrant a comprehensive evaluation and treatment approach. Screening, bedside evaluation, and instrumental assessments should be systematically and consistently used based on clinical presentation and available resources. In addition to traditional methods of diet modification and implementation of strategies and exercises, the use of novel treatments such as biofeedback and noninvasive brain stimulati...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - September 22, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Team Approach to Prosthetic Prescription Decision-Making
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review the key concepts in prosthetic limb prescription for adults with limb loss, including the benefits of a multidisciplinary team.Recent FindingsThere is a relative absence of literature directly describing the role of a team-based approach to prosthetic limb prescription. However, comparable literature can be found in other rehabilitation topics and medical disciplines, generally in support of team-based approaches to patient care. While there is a growing body of comparative effectiveness literature for prosthetic componentry, there is generally a lack of coherent prescribi...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - September 17, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Is Aphasia Treatment Beneficial for the Elderly? A Review of Recent Evidence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe review recent literature regarding aphasia therapy in the elderly. Relevant articles from the last 5  years were identified to determine whether or not there is evidence to support that various therapeutic approaches can have a positive effect on post-stroke aphasia in the elderly.Recent FindingsThere were no studies examining the effects of aphasia therapy specifically in the elderly within the timeframe searched. Therefore, we briefly summarize findings from 50 relevant studies that included large proportions of participants with post-stroke aphasia above the age of 65. A variety of behaviora...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - September 17, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Stroke and Sarcopenia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo evaluate recent scientific research studies related to the changes in skeletal muscle after stroke and the presence of sarcopenia in stroke survivors to establish its incidence and effects on function.Recent FindingsRecently published findings on stroke-related sarcopenia are limited. This might be due to changes in the consensus definition of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia in stroke patients is estimated at 14 to 54%. The presence of sarcopenia at the time of a stroke can lead to worse recovery and functional outcomes.SummaryThe presence of sarcopenia prior to a stroke may be more common than suspected...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - September 14, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Current Treatments of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT).Recent FindingsThere is no current consensus regarding conservative or surgical treatments for IAT. There has recently been an increase of trials demonstrating utility for extracorporeal shock wave in treating IAT. Additionally, a retrospective study of percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy shows promise.SummaryIAT has historically been recalcitrant to treatment. There are multiple available treatment options, and many that may confer some benefit. Knowing the available conservative treatme...
Source: Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports - September 13, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research