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Computed tomography-derived body composition analysis in patients with advanced cancer: clinical utility and future research
Purpose of review With weight loss increasingly occurring against a background of obesity across a variety of advanced cancers, there has been increasing interest in computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition analysis. Various imaging software packages and thresholds are commonly in use in CT-derived body composition analysis. This review discusses the current research in field of body composition with emphasis on the information required for such measurements to be taken into routine clinical practice. Recent findings CT is widely used for tumour staging in patients with cancer. Over the last decade, thi...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - November 22, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: CACHEXIA, NUTRITION AND HYDRATION: Edited by Aminah Jatoi and Barry J.A. Laird Source Type: research

Optimising patient fitness: strategies to reduce the effects of cancer cachexia in patients with advanced lung cancer
Purpose of review Outcomes for patients with advanced lung cancer have traditionally been very poor. This patient group are often comorbid, less fit and experience multiple symptoms. This review discusses strategies for minimizing the impact of cachexia on patients with advanced lung cancer. This is timely, as in recent years there has been a rapid increase in available systemic therapy options, with the potential of long-term survival for some patients. Recent findings The review discusses current strategies in combating cachexia, including: symptom control, systemic therapy for cancer and for cachexia, nutriti...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - November 22, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: CACHEXIA, NUTRITION AND HYDRATION: Edited by Aminah Jatoi and Barry J.A. Laird Source Type: research

Editorial: What about weight? Advocating for simplicity in cancer cachexia trials
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - November 22, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: CACHEXIA, NUTRITION AND HYDRATION: Edited by Aminah Jatoi and Barry J.A. Laird Source Type: research

Editorial: Cancer cachexia – bridging the gap
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - November 22, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: CACHEXIA, NUTRITION AND HYDRATION: Edited by Aminah Jatoi and Barry J.A. Laird Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - November 22, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Impact of chemotherapy-induced enteric nervous system toxicity on gastrointestinal mucositis
Purpose of review Chemotherapy is a first-line treatment for many cancers; however, its use is hampered by a long list of side-effects. Gastrointestinal mucositis is a common and debilitating side-effect of anticancer therapy contributing to dose reductions, delays and cessation of treatment, greatly impacting clinical outcomes. The underlying pathophysiology of gastrointestinal mucositis is complex and likely involves several overlapping inflammatory, secretory and neural mechanisms, yet research investigating the role of innervation in gastrointestinal mucositis is scarce. This review provides an overview of the curren...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: SPECIAL COMMENTARY Source Type: research

Management of cisplatin-associated toxicities in bladder cancer patients
Purpose of review Cisplatin remains the treatment cornerstone for bladder cancer, either in neoadjuvant or in metastatic (cisplatin-gemcitabine or dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin). Timely and adequate management of cisplatin's adverse events is important in order to avoid dose reductions, treatment delays, or cessation. Over the last years, several randomized studies and updated guidelines have been published on this subject. Recent findings The incidence, physiopathology, risk factors, preventive treatment, and optimal management of such complications will be presented, with special focus on cis...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: RENAL AND UROLOGICAL PROBLEMS: Edited by Fred Saad Source Type: research

Second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor-therapy after immunotherapy-failure
Purpose of review Most contemporary metastatic renal-cell carcinoma patients receive first-line immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combination or immunotherapy–immunotherapy combination, as first-line standards of care. However, second-line therapy choices are less well established. To address this void, we examined existing evidence supporting second and subsequent-line treatment options after immunotherapy-based combination therapy. Recent findings Evidence regarding efficacy of second-line therapy after immunotherapy-based combination is mainly retrospective, except for axitinib, which is the only ...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: RENAL AND UROLOGICAL PROBLEMS: Edited by Fred Saad Source Type: research

The evolving options in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer
Purpose of review Leading trials CHAARTED, STAMPEDE, GETUG-AFU15 and LATITUDE established docetaxel and abiraterone acetate addition to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as a treatment guideline for patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Recent findings Two recent combinations, enzalutamide with ADT and apalutamide with ADT were tested in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer in three randomized controlled trials. Both combinations provided survival gain, expanding our options of treatment. Moreover, additional evidence behind radiotherapy for the primary tumor in metastatic prostate...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: RENAL AND UROLOGICAL PROBLEMS: Edited by Fred Saad Source Type: research

The role and value of family therapy for people living with cancer: a rapid review of recent evidence
Purpose of review Cancer impacts the whole family and relational system, not just the individual with the diagnosis. The present article identifies and reviews publications in the field of family therapy and cancer since 2019, to describe the theoretical models and techniques applied, and the outcomes achieved. Recent findings A search of databases and grey literature led to the identification of five articles from four studies. Four papers described primary research and one summarized a case example. Papers were published by teams in the USA, Sweden and Iceland. Each article described the benefits of adopting a famil...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: LIVING WITH CANCER AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF TREATMENT: Edited by Lynn Calman and Natasha Campling Source Type: research

Psychosocial support interventions for cancer caregivers: reducing caregiver burden
Purpose of review Informal caregivers of individuals affected by cancer undertake a range of activities and responsibilities throughout the course of the cancer care trajectory. This role is often undertaken alongside employment and other caring roles and can contribute to caregiver burden, which may be ameliorated through psychosocial intervention. Recent findings Fifteen new studies investigating the potential of psychosocial interventions for reducing caregiver burden were identified from the period January 2019 to February 2020. Studies were mostly quasi-experimental or randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Psychoe...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: LIVING WITH CANCER AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF TREATMENT: Edited by Lynn Calman and Natasha Campling Source Type: research

Prevalence and risk factors for suicidality in cancer patients and oncology healthcare professionals strategies in identifying suicide risk in cancer patients
Purpose of review The aim of this study was to summarize the literature on prevalence and risk factors for suicidality in cancer patients and to document the research on oncology healthcare professionals’ strategies in identifying this risk. Recent findings Cancer patients exhibit increased risk of suicidality compared with the general population. Various risk factors have been identified including sociodemographic factors such as poverty, being male and elderly as well as disease-related attributes such as cancer type and stage. The literature on how healthcare professionals identify suicide risk is sparse. Ten art...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: LIVING WITH CANCER AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF TREATMENT: Edited by Lynn Calman and Natasha Campling Source Type: research

Schizophrenia and cancer
Purpose of review The cancer mortality rate in persons with schizophrenia is higher than it is in the general population. The purpose of this review is to determine why, and to identify solutions. Recent findings The recent literature points to three groups of reasons why mortality is high: patient reasons such as nonadherence to treatment, provider reasons such as diagnostic overshadowing, and health system reasons such as a relative lack of collaboration between medicine and psychiatry. Strategies for cancer prevention, early detection, and effective treatment are available but difficult to put into practice because...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: LIVING WITH CANCER AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF TREATMENT: Edited by Lynn Calman and Natasha Campling Source Type: research

Not seeing the forest for the trees: a systematic review of comprehensive distress management programs and implementation strategies
This article offers a review of current approaches to implementing and reporting the minimum components of distress screening and management interventions in cancer services. Recent findings Twenty-two relevant published articles were identified from January 2018 to February 2020. The reporting of recommended minimum components of distress screening and management interventions in these articles was not consistent. The majority of studies used validated tools to conduct initial screening. However, recommendations were either not reported or not followed regarding subsequent pathway components, secondary assessment, refe...
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: LIVING WITH CANCER AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF TREATMENT: Edited by Lynn Calman and Natasha Campling Source Type: research

Editorial: Cancer, psychiatric disorders, distress and times of crisis: supporting patients, carers and families
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care - August 13, 2020 Category: Palliative Care Tags: LIVING WITH CANCER AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF TREATMENT: Edited by Lynn Calman and Natasha Campling Source Type: research