Epstein-Barr virus-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders: new insights in pathogenesis, classification and treatment
Purpose of review
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication following transplantation from an allogeneic donor. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is involved in a substantial number of cases. In this review, we aim to summarize recent knowledge on pathogenesis, classification and treatment of EBV+ PTLD.
Recent findings
New insights in the complex oncogenic properties of EBV antigens noncoding Ribonucleic acids (RNAs), especially EBV MicroRNA (miRNAs), have increased our knowledge of the pathogenesis of EBV+ PTLD. In addition the potential influence of EBV on the tumor microenvironment i...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: LYMPHOMA: Edited by Dominique Bron and Laurence De Leval Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Oncology)
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
The path to personalized treatment in advanced and metastatic biliary tract cancers: a review of new targeted therapies and immunotherapy
Purpose of review
To summarize targeted therapies and immunotherapy as treatment for advanced/metastatic biliary tract cancers and discuss ongoing clinical trials.
Recent findings
For the first time since gemcitabine–cisplatin was set as the standard of care in first-line advanced/metastatic biliary tract cancers in the ABC-02 trial, the combination of durvalumab and gemcitabine–cisplatin has demonstrated a statistically significant improvement of median overall survival in the TOPAZ-1 phase 3 trial. The ABC-06 trial showed a significant increase of median overall survival for FOLFOX and active symptom contr...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Mind the target: circulating tumour DNA in gastrointestinal malignancies
Purpose of review
Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is an appealing minimally invasive tool with significant theranostic potential. In this review, we highlighted recent studies evaluating three major applications of ctDNA in gastrointestinal malignancies.
Recent findings
ctDNA demonstrated a strong prognostic value in colorectal and gastroesophageal cancers in assessing minimal residual disease after radical surgery. ctDNA-guided interventional studies are ongoing.
Tracking clonal dynamics with early identification of response and resistance to therapies is of particular interest in gastrointestinal cancers esp...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Mind the target: programmed death ligand 1 in oesophagogastric cancers
Purpose of review
Metastatic oesophagogastric cancers carry a prognosis of generally less than 2 years despite current treatment. There has been recent excitement in the field focused on immune checkpoint inhibition though anti-PD-1 antibodies. In this article, we review recent phase 3 clinical trials evaluating first line PD-L1 inhibition in metastatic HER-2-negative oesophagogastric cancers and discuss future questions and challenges in the field.
Recent findings
Prior studies have shown promise using PD-L1 inhibition as third and fourth line treatment but recent phase 3 clinical trials have shown clear bene...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Mind the target: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in colorectal cancer
Purpose of review
In this article, we briefly summarise the current knowledge about human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) and provide an overview of the latest published evidence especially regarding standardisation of detection methods/diagnostic criteria, prognostication, prediction and targeted treatments.
Recent findings
Over the last 18 months, the results of many studies have been presented confirming the therapeutic potential of established anti-HER2 agents either as a monotherapy or in combination, as well as new anti-HER2 agents like antibody-drug-conju...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Editorial: ’All you need is immunotherapy’: a new treatment paradigm in sight for early-stage, mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability high gastrointestinal cancers?
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Oncology)
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Updated concepts in treatment of giant cell tumor of bone
Purpose of review
Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) are intermediate, locally aggressive primary bone tumors. For conventional GCTB, surgery remains treatment of choice. For advanced GCTB, a more important role came into play for systemic therapy including denosumab and bisphosphonates over the last decade.
Recent findings
In diagnostics, focus has been on H3F3A (G34) driver mutations present in GCTB. The most frequent mutation (G34W) can be detected using immunohistochemistry and is highly specific in differentiating GCTB from other giant cell containing tumors. PD-L1 expression can be used as biological marker ...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
Immunotherapy of sarcomas with modified T cells
Purpose of review
To summarize the development of modified T-cell therapies in sarcomas and discuss relevant published and ongoing clinical trials to date.
Recent findings
Numerous clinical trials are underway evaluating tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells and high affinity T-cell receptor (TCR)-transduced T cells in sarcomas. Notably, translocation-dependent synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma are the subject of several phase II trials evaluating TCRs targeting cancer testis antigens New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) and melanoma antigen-A4 (MAGE A4), and respo...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
New molecular entities of soft tissue and bone tumors
Purpose of review
The advances of molecular techniques have led to the refinement of the classification of mesenchymal tumors, leading to newly introduced entities in the recently published fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors, which are discussed in this review.
Recent findings
For the first time, entities are included of which the name refers to the underlying molecular alteration including round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusions, CIC-rearranged sarcoma, and sarcoma with BCOR genetic alteration. EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumor and NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neo...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
Next questions for the medical treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Purpose of review
Since its approval in 2002, imatinib remains the standard first-line treatment for patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Overall, all the drugs approved for patients who have developed secondary resistance to imatinib are less effective than imatinib in first-line. Even if, overall survival of patients with advanced GIST has improved over time the last 20 years, imatinib-resistant GIST remains therefore a difficult-to-treat cancer. The aim of this review is to elaborate on the potential strategies to improve outcome for patients with imatinib-refractory disease.
Recent fin...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
CIC-DUX4 sarcomas
Purpose of review
CIC-DUX4 sarcoma (CDS) is a high-grade undifferentiated round cells sarcoma that belongs to the undifferentiated round cell sarcomas family. It represents less than one percent of sarcomas, defining a rarest among rare malignancies. It affects young adults, displaying soft tissue mass. Considered very aggressive, a high proportion of cases display an advanced disease with lung metastasis at diagnosis. Here we discuss recent progress in molecular characterization of CDS, the main tracks of CDS biology and the current and future prospects of therapeutic approaches.
Recent findings
CDS is characte...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
Desmoid tumors: who, when and how to treat?
The objective of this article is to summarize new treatment strategies of desmoid tumors.
Recent findings
Desmoid tumor has an unpredictable evolution that may spontaneously regress or stabilize. A shift toward an initial frontline active surveillance has been acknowledged by experts. Surveillance monitoring should be performed frequently after the diagnosis to avoid missing a significant progression and then spaced in case of stabilization. Treatment is based on significant tumor growth or symptoms. Recent guidelines recommend commencing medical treatment. Kinase inhibitors and cytotoxic agents are the two classes ...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
First and further-line multidisciplinary treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas
Purpose of review
To review current knowledge and recent advances in retroperitoneal sarcoma management.
Recent findings
Surgery, radiotherapy, and medical treatments of retroperitoneal sarcomas should take into account the peculiarities of each histotype and the unique anatomical site. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment and the only chance of cure for these diseases. In low-grade retroperitoneal sarcomas, like well differentiated liposarcoma, where the leading cause of death is dominated by local rather than distant relapses, treatment of the primary tumor encompasses extended surgery with multiorgan res...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
Treatment updates on tenosynovial giant cell tumor
In conclusion, D-TGCT impairs patients’ QoL. The evidence that the pathogenetic loop of D-TGCT can be inhibited has changed the therapeutic armamentarium for this condition. Clinical trials of agents that target CSF1R are currently ongoing. All this new evidence should be taken into consideration within multidisciplinary management. (Source: Current Opinion in Oncology)
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
