Venetoclax in combination with nucleoside analogs in acute myelogenous leukemia
Purpose of review
Venetoclax in combination with nucleoside analogs such as hypomethylating agents (HMA) and low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) has led to unprecedented response and survival outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This has spurred the development of regimens combining venetoclax with other nucleoside analogs with distinct mechanisms of action. Here, we review older and newer nucleoside analogs, the rationale for their combination with venetoclax, and clinical evidence for the combination when available.
Recent findings
Venetoclax with HMA prolonged survival in a phase 3 study. Additional...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: INNOVATIVE AGENTS AND TREATMENT MODALITIES: Edited by Ahmad Awada and Steven T. Rosen Source Type: research
Selinexor therapy for multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Purpose of review
In this review we highlight the most recent studies furthering the clinical development of selinexor, a novel exportin-1 inhibitor, for the treatment of multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Recent findings
Three pivotal trials, the SADAL trial for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and the BOSTON and selinexor treatment of refractory myeloma trials for multiple myeloma, have recently led to the regulatory approval of selinexor monotherapy or combination regimens. They are complemented by several earlier phase clinical trials with iterative combinations, adding selinexor to novel therapies an...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: INNOVATIVE AGENTS AND TREATMENT MODALITIES: Edited by Ahmad Awada and Steven T. Rosen Source Type: research
Collaborative centralization of gynaecological cancer care
Purpose of review
To discuss the benefits of centralization of gynaecological cancer care on patients and the healthcare system and how to overcome its barriers.
Recent findings
Evidence demonstrates that adherence to clinical practice management guidelines is more likely; the risk of adverse events is lower; survival is improved; in young women fertility preservation is higher; and cost effectiveness is higher; in systems that employ centralized care for women with gynaecological cancer. Barriers to the uptake of centralized models include knowledge, attitude as well as deficient systems and processes, includin...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Frédéric Amant and Christianne Lok Source Type: research
Less is more in endometrial cancer (SLN, conservative treatment, radical hysterectomy, molecular classification)
Purpose of review
The management of endometrial cancer has known many evolutions within the last decades. In this review, we aim to summarize recent evolutions (mainly toward less aggressive management) that have occurred in the management of endometrial cancer.
Recent findings
Enhanced by molecular classification, the determination of lymph node status, in young women, in case of cervical invasion, the treatment is evolving toward a less aggressive strategy.
Summary
The predictive value and the safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy explain why most societies propose to abandon systematic pelvic and para a...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Frédéric Amant and Christianne Lok Source Type: research
Use of staging for sex cord stromal tumours
Purpose of review
Sex cord-stromal tumours (SCSTs) are rare ovarian cancers. As in the literature, only small case series or case reports are published, gathering solid evidence about their management is challenging. Surgery plays a pivotal role, and accurate staging is one of the most important prognostic factors. This review focuses on the current evidence for surgical staging in the management of SCSTs.
Recent findings
Staging procedures have been inferred by epithelial ovarian cancers; however, they are often only partially performed, and most SCSTs therefore end up incompletely staged, raising the issue of ...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Frédéric Amant and Christianne Lok Source Type: research
Surgical treatment for clinical early-stage expansile and infiltrative mucinous ovarian cancer: can staging surgeries safely be omitted?
Purpose of review
Mucinous ovarian cancers (MOCs) are categorized into infiltrative and expansile subtypes. These subtypes have different characteristics and prognoses. Patients with clinical early-stage disease of both subtypes currently undergo surgical staging (peritoneal washing, biopsies, omentectomy). Peritoneal and lymph node metastases of expansile MOC are rare, but whereas lymph node sampling (LNS) is omitted in these patients, peritoneal staging is not. Therefore, we collected all available MOC data to determine whether staging surgeries could safely be omitted in clinical early-stage expansile and infiltrati...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Frédéric Amant and Christianne Lok Source Type: research
Robot-assisted laparoscopic staging compared to conventional laparoscopic staging and laparotomic staging in clinical early stage ovarian carcinoma
Purpose of review
Robot-assisted laparoscopic staging (RALS) is increasingly used for staging epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Evidence of its safety is limited. The aim of this review is to compare the efficacy and safety of RALS in clinical early-stage EOC to conventional laparoscopy and laparotomy and to assess the level of evidence that is currently available to adopt this surgical technique.
Recent findings
Only retrospective studies comparing staging by minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to laparotomy are available. Both RALS and conventional laparoscopic staging shorten length of hospital stay (LHS, mean -2...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Frédéric Amant and Christianne Lok Source Type: research
Is less more in the surgical treatment of early-stage cervical cancer?
This article discusses recent developments towards less radical surgical treatment for early-stage cervical cancer.
Recent findings
Surgery is the standard treatment for early-stage cervical cancer. In the last decades, new treatment strategies have been developed aiming to reduce morbidity, without hampering oncological safety. We provide an update of the latest knowledge on safety and morbidity following less radical surgical procedures in early-stage cervical cancer. In cervical cancer with a tumour size of 2 cm or less, radical surgery (simple hysterectomy or fertility-sparing conisation) may be a well tolerat...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Frédéric Amant and Christianne Lok Source Type: research
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced vulvar cancer
Purpose of review
Studies on treatment options for patients with locally advanced vulvar cancer (LAVC) are scarce, and high-level evidence for a primary treatment choice is lacking. Furthermore, current treatment options are associated with extensive morbidity and high complication rates. More effective treatment options are urgently needed. This review describes current treatment possibilities, focusing on literature regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by surgery.
Recent findings
Although data are heterogeneous and limited, NACT followed by surgery might be an effective and well tolerated treatme...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Frédéric Amant and Christianne Lok Source Type: research
Editorial: Less is more in gynaecological oncology: paving the way for the future
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Oncology)
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Frédéric Amant and Christianne Lok Source Type: research
Bacterial infection-driven lymphomagenesis
Purpose of review
The first convincing evidence for a causal relationship between bacterial infection and lymphomagenesis came from the link between gastric lymphoma and chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis. This review will summarize the current epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence of a causative role of bacteria in the development of malignant lymphomas, particularly, the extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type.
Recent findings
Other microorganisms have been associated with specific extranodal lymphoma sites with variable and not always definitive, evidence, i...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: LYMPHOMA: Edited by Dominique Bron and Laurence De Leval Source Type: research
HTLV-1-related adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: insights in early detection and management
We describe recent advance in pathogenesis, risk factors and for early detection of ATL.
Recent findings
Unraveling ATL molecular genetics has shed light on pathogenesis and provides insights into novel therapeutic targets. Moreover, an important step in improving outcomes is identifying asymptomatic carriers who are at high risk of progression to ATL, which has traditionally relied on quantifying the proviral load (PVL). This can be done by quantifying oligoclonality- and in particular the expanded clone- with molecular and flow cytometric techniques, that can be applied to a clinical setting. Studies using these m...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: LYMPHOMA: Edited by Dominique Bron and Laurence De Leval Source Type: research
HIV-related lymphomas
Purpose of review
To summarize the recent evidence on the pathology, current standard of care and recent advances in the treatment of HIV-related lymphomas.
Recent findings
Lymphomas remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV, even in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, treatment outcomes for these malignancies have improved in recent decades, due to full-dose chemotherapy, effective cART and supportive care. Recent advances include the identification of novel driving signaling pathways as promising molecular targets to improve lymphoma outcomes.
Summa...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: LYMPHOMA: Edited by Dominique Bron and Laurence De Leval Source Type: research
HHV-8 associated lymphoma
This article reviews advances in the field of characterization of the lymphomatous cells, pathogenesis, and targeted therapies.
Recent findings
The gene expression profile analysis of PEL cells and the experimental coinfection of peripheral B cells with HHV-8 and EBV allow dissection of the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis and of the relative contribution of both viruses. Systemic chemotherapy regimen remains poorly effective but new therapeutic perspectives are open with the use of monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory drugs, and immunotherapy.
Summary
HHV-8 associated lymphoma is a model for studying virus-i...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: LYMPHOMA: Edited by Dominique Bron and Laurence De Leval Source Type: research
EBV-associated NK and T-cell lymphoid neoplasms
Purpose of review
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated neoplasms derived from natural killer (NK) or T cells comprise a group of clinically and biologically heterogenous disorders affecting children and adults, which are overall rare but more prevalent in Asia and South America. This review focuses on neoplasms presenting in the adulthood, addressing recent genomic discoveries as well as therapeutic developments in these highly aggressive disorders.
Recent findings
Distinct molecular subtypes of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas (ENKTCLs) have been described, with differences in cell of origin, EBV pattern, genomic ...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: LYMPHOMA: Edited by Dominique Bron and Laurence De Leval Source Type: research
