Indications of next-generation sequencing in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
In this study, we will give an overview on the current and foreseeable indications of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based technologies for the diagnosis, prognostic assessment and decision of individualized treatment strategy in lymphomas.
Recent findings
Recent NGS-based studies have offered a comprehensive knowledge of the genetic landscapes featuring B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, with identification of genomic biomarkers useful for a better subclassification and, therefore, for a more accurate diagnosis. NGS analyses in lymphoma have also unveiled recurrent somatic mutations representing novel potential therapeutic...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 18, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: LYMPHOMA: Edited by Dominique Bron and Christian Chabannon Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Oncology)
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - August 18, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Statistical aspects in adjuvant and neoadjuvant trials for gastrointestinal cancer in 2020: focus on time-to-event endpoints
Purpose of review
Clinical-trial design, analysis, and interpretation entails the use of efficient and reliable endpoints. Statistical issues related to endpoints warrant continued attention, as they may have a substantial impact on the conduct of clinical trials and on interpretation of their results.
Recent findings
We review concepts and discuss recent developments related to the use of time-to-event endpoints in studies on adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy for colon, pancreatic, and gastric adenocarcinomas. The definition of endpoints has varied to a considerable extent in these settings. Although these variations ...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer: state of the art and future perspectives
Purpose of review
The value of adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer is controversial with opinions varying from ‘not be used’ since randomized trials have not shown significant gains to ‘be used as in colon cancer’ as the need is the same and colon and rectal cancers are quite similar. This review will look upon data critically and with open eyes.
Recent findings
With the exception of one randomized phase II trial (ADORE) revealing a significant gain in disease-free survival using one more effective regimen (mFOLFOX) than bolus 5-fluorouracil leucovorin, no new data have been presented. However, bringing up ...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer: state of the art and future perspectives
This article will review the results of recent studies, which have investigated the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy and also suggest, which aspects of adjuvant treatment need investigation in future studies.
Recent findings
The IDEA collaboration investigated whether the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy with an oxaliplatin doublet could be reduced from 6 to 3 months. Although this study did not demonstrate noninferiority for 3 months treatment, it did show noninferiority for patients receiving 3 months CAPOX chemotherapy and for those patients with low-risk stage III disease receiving 3 months’ treatment. There was...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancer: state of the art and future perspectives
Purpose of review
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have a poor prognosis; most patients present with advanced disease and, even after surgical resection for early-stage disease local and distant relapses are frequent. Involved resection margins and lymph node involvement are the most relevant known adverse prognostic factors. Historically clinicians have made clinical decisions based on data from institutional series and uncontrolled studies, with their inherent limitations. In this review, data from recently-reported prospective randomized trials are reviewed and clinical implications discussed.
Recent findings
Results f...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Adjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer: state of the art and future perspectives
Purpose of review
The modalities of management of resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have evolved in recent years with new practice guidelines on adjuvant chemotherapy and results of randomized phase III trials. The aim of this review is to describe the state of the art in this setting and to highlight future possible perspectives.
Recent findings
Resectable PDAC is the tumor without vascular contact or a limited venous contact without vein irregularity. Several pathologic and biologic robust prognostic factors such as an R0 resection defined by a margin at least 1 mm have been validated. In phase II...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Multimodality treatment for localized gastric cancer: state of the art and new insights
Purpose of review
Surgery represents the only curative approach for resectable gastric cancer. However, rates of recurrence remain high. This review summarizes the state of the art and future perspectives regarding perioperative, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for localized gastric cancer with insights regarding precision medicine.
Recent findings
Perioperative chemotherapy with FLOT has significantly improved outcomes for non-Asian patients with resectable gastric cancer, removing the role for anthracyclines. Preliminary results demonstrate that the perioperative approach is an option for Asian patients; howev...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Editorial: Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers: we can do much better
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Oncology)
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by Alain Hendlisz and Francesco Sclafani Source Type: research
Immunotherapy in sarcoma: combinations or single agents? In whom?
Purpose of review
First clinical trials investigating immune check point (ICP) inhibitors in patients with sarcoma, regardless histological or molecular subtypes did not demonstrate any prolonged benefit. To maximize the chance of benefit from immunotherapy, recent strategies explore the combination of treatments and aim to improve identification of responsive histological subtypes.
Recent findings
Combination of several ICP inhibitors tends to increase toxicity and efficacy. Mechanisms of synergistic action remain unclear. Combination of ICP blockade with tyrosine kinase inhibitor increases efficacy in specific histo...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
Current concepts in the treatment of giant cell tumour of bone
Purpose of review
Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is an intermediate, locally aggressive primary bone tumour. In addition to local therapy, new drugs became available for this disease. Denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B-ligand inhibitor, was introduced as systemic targeted therapy for advanced or inoperable and metastatic GCTB. Also, the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid has activity in GCTB by directly targeting the neoplastic stromal cells.
Recent findings
In a small RCT, bisphosphonates were successful in controlling tumour growth and a higher apoptotic index of tumour cells was seen after zoledro...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
Cabozantinib as an emerging treatment for sarcoma
Purpose of review
Sarcomas are a diverse group of rare solid tumors with limited treatment options for patients with advanced, inoperable disease. Cabozantinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently approved for advanced renal cell, hepatocellular, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Cabozantinib has potent activity against a variety of kinases, including MET, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and AXL, that are associated with sarcoma growth and development. Here we review the preclinical findings and clinical development of cabozantinib in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
New drugs in gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Purpose of review
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the backbone for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) treatment. The increasing knowledge concerning the structure and the changing conformational status because of some mutations in KIT and PDGFRα, allowed the development of new efficient compounds, with the main goal to overcome resistance in GIST. This review summarizes the latest developments in the treatment of GIST patients.
Recent findings
Amongst the several TKIs currently being studied in GIST, ripretinib, avapritinib and crenolanib had shown promising potent activity in preclinical studies an...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
Tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors in the management of sarcomas
Purpose of review
Genetic aberrations resulting in tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) fusion proteins can drive oncogenesis and are postulated to occur in up to 1% of solid tumours. However, TRK fusions in adult sarcomas are rare and there is a significant challenge in identifying patients with sarcomas harbouring TRK fusions in the clinical setting. Despite a recent European Society of Medical Oncology consensus article regarding screening of tumours for TRK fusions, economical and practical limitations present a barrier to widespread screening of sarcomas.
Recent findings
Larotrectinib and entrectinib are pan-TRK inh...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
Medical treatment of advanced malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors
Purpose of review
Malignant PEComa are rare mesenchymal tumors characterized by genetic alterations actionable by target therapy. Indeed, they harbour loss of function of TSC1/TSC2, which lead to the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is targetable therapeutically with mTOR inhibitors like sirolimus. A small subset of malignant PEComas instead harbor TFE3 gene fusions known to be mutually exclusive with TSC1/TSC2 loss-of-function mutations; therefore, leading to different therapeutic implication.
Recent findings
mTOR inhibitors showed a response rate around 40% with a median PFS of 9...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - June 17, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: SARCOMAS: Edited by Jean-Yves Blay Source Type: research
