Neurobiological mechanisms underlying psychostimulant use
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 28;83:102786. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102786. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRates of individuals struggling with psychostimulant use disorder (PSUD), defined as chronic use of psychostimulants despite negative consequences, are growing rapidly over the last few decades. However, there are no current pharmacotherapeutics to aid individuals in maintaining drug abstinence. Identifying the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that promote persistent craving and taking of psychostimulants is critical to creating novel pharmacological treatments for PSUD. Psychostimulant use dysregulates processes...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Rianne R Campbell Mary Kay Lobo Source Type: research
Dopamine control of downstream motor centers
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 27;83:102785. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102785. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe role of dopamine in the control of movement is traditionally associated with ascending projections to the basal ganglia. However, more recently descending dopaminergic pathways projecting to downstream brainstem motor circuits were discovered. In lampreys, salamanders, and rodents, these include projections to the downstream Mesencephalic Locomotor Region (MLR), a brainstem region controlling locomotion. Such descending dopaminergic projections could prime brainstem networks controlling movement. Other descending ...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dimitri Ryczko R éjean Dubuc Source Type: research
Dopamine control of downstream motor centers
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 27;83:102785. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102785. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe role of dopamine in the control of movement is traditionally associated with ascending projections to the basal ganglia. However, more recently descending dopaminergic pathways projecting to downstream brainstem motor circuits were discovered. In lampreys, salamanders, and rodents, these include projections to the downstream Mesencephalic Locomotor Region (MLR), a brainstem region controlling locomotion. Such descending dopaminergic projections could prime brainstem networks controlling movement. Other descending ...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dimitri Ryczko R éjean Dubuc Source Type: research
From lazy to rich to exclusive task representations in neural networks and neural codes
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 25;83:102780. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102780. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNeural circuits-both in the brain and in "artificial" neural network models-learn to solve a remarkable variety of tasks, and there is a great current opportunity to use neural networks as models for brain function. Key to this endeavor is the ability to characterize the representations formed by both artificial and biological brains. Here, we investigate this potential through the lens of recently developing theory that characterizes neural networks as "lazy" or "rich" depending on the approach they use to solve task...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Matthew Farrell Stefano Recanatesi Eric Shea-Brown Source Type: research
Low- and high-level coordination of orofacial motor actions
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 25;83:102784. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102784. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOrofacial motor actions are movements that, in rodents, involve whisking of the vibrissa, deflection of the nose, licking and lapping with the tongue, and consumption through chewing. These actions, along with bobbing and turning of the head, coordinate to subserve exploration while not conflicting with life-supporting actions such as breathing and swallowing. Orofacial and head movements are comprised of two additive components: a rhythm that can be entrained by the breathing oscillator and a broadband component that...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: David Kleinfeld Martin Desch ênes Michael N Economo Micha ël Elbaz David Golomb Song-Mao Liao Daniel H O'Connor Fan Wang Source Type: research
From lazy to rich to exclusive task representations in neural networks and neural codes
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 25;83:102780. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102780. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNeural circuits-both in the brain and in "artificial" neural network models-learn to solve a remarkable variety of tasks, and there is a great current opportunity to use neural networks as models for brain function. Key to this endeavor is the ability to characterize the representations formed by both artificial and biological brains. Here, we investigate this potential through the lens of recently developing theory that characterizes neural networks as "lazy" or "rich" depending on the approach they use to solve task...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Matthew Farrell Stefano Recanatesi Eric Shea-Brown Source Type: research
Low- and high-level coordination of orofacial motor actions
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 25;83:102784. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102784. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOrofacial motor actions are movements that, in rodents, involve whisking of the vibrissa, deflection of the nose, licking and lapping with the tongue, and consumption through chewing. These actions, along with bobbing and turning of the head, coordinate to subserve exploration while not conflicting with life-supporting actions such as breathing and swallowing. Orofacial and head movements are comprised of two additive components: a rhythm that can be entrained by the breathing oscillator and a broadband component that...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: David Kleinfeld Martin Desch ênes Michael N Economo Micha ël Elbaz David Golomb Song-Mao Liao Daniel H O'Connor Fan Wang Source Type: research
The basal ganglia are a target for sensorimotor domains in posterior parietal, premotor, and motor cortex in primates
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 19;83:102783. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102783. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOur research focused on defining and characterizing parieto-frontal circuits for specific actions in primates. Part of the posterior parietal cortex is divided into eight or more domains where electrical stimulation evokes a meaningful complex movement. Domains in the posterior parietal cortex compete with each other over excitatory connections that activate inhibitory neurons, while selectively activating functionally matched domains in the premotor cortex and motor cortex. Thus, the selection process involves compet...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jon Kaas Iwona Stepniewska Source Type: research
The basal ganglia are a target for sensorimotor domains in posterior parietal, premotor, and motor cortex in primates
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 19;83:102783. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102783. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOur research focused on defining and characterizing parieto-frontal circuits for specific actions in primates. Part of the posterior parietal cortex is divided into eight or more domains where electrical stimulation evokes a meaningful complex movement. Domains in the posterior parietal cortex compete with each other over excitatory connections that activate inhibitory neurons, while selectively activating functionally matched domains in the premotor cortex and motor cortex. Thus, the selection process involves compet...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jon Kaas Iwona Stepniewska Source Type: research
The basal ganglia are a target for sensorimotor domains in posterior parietal, premotor, and motor cortex in primates
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 19;83:102783. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102783. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOur research focused on defining and characterizing parieto-frontal circuits for specific actions in primates. Part of the posterior parietal cortex is divided into eight or more domains where electrical stimulation evokes a meaningful complex movement. Domains in the posterior parietal cortex compete with each other over excitatory connections that activate inhibitory neurons, while selectively activating functionally matched domains in the premotor cortex and motor cortex. Thus, the selection process involves compet...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jon Kaas Iwona Stepniewska Source Type: research
The basal ganglia are a target for sensorimotor domains in posterior parietal, premotor, and motor cortex in primates
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 19;83:102783. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102783. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOur research focused on defining and characterizing parieto-frontal circuits for specific actions in primates. Part of the posterior parietal cortex is divided into eight or more domains where electrical stimulation evokes a meaningful complex movement. Domains in the posterior parietal cortex compete with each other over excitatory connections that activate inhibitory neurons, while selectively activating functionally matched domains in the premotor cortex and motor cortex. Thus, the selection process involves compet...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jon Kaas Iwona Stepniewska Source Type: research
The basal ganglia are a target for sensorimotor domains in posterior parietal, premotor, and motor cortex in primates
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 19;83:102783. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102783. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOur research focused on defining and characterizing parieto-frontal circuits for specific actions in primates. Part of the posterior parietal cortex is divided into eight or more domains where electrical stimulation evokes a meaningful complex movement. Domains in the posterior parietal cortex compete with each other over excitatory connections that activate inhibitory neurons, while selectively activating functionally matched domains in the premotor cortex and motor cortex. Thus, the selection process involves compet...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jon Kaas Iwona Stepniewska Source Type: research
Signatures of task learning in neural representations
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 12;83:102759. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102759. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhile neural plasticity has long been studied as the basis of learning, the growth of large-scale neural recording techniques provides a unique opportunity to study how learning-induced activity changes are coordinated across neurons within the same circuit. These distributed changes can be understood through an evolution of the geometry of neural manifolds and latent dynamics underlying new computations. In parallel, studies of multi-task and continual learning in artificial neural networks hint at a tradeoff between...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Harsha Gurnani N Alex Cayco Gajic Source Type: research
Signatures of task learning in neural representations
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 12;83:102759. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102759. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhile neural plasticity has long been studied as the basis of learning, the growth of large-scale neural recording techniques provides a unique opportunity to study how learning-induced activity changes are coordinated across neurons within the same circuit. These distributed changes can be understood through an evolution of the geometry of neural manifolds and latent dynamics underlying new computations. In parallel, studies of multi-task and continual learning in artificial neural networks hint at a tradeoff between...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Harsha Gurnani N Alex Cayco Gajic Source Type: research
Signatures of task learning in neural representations
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 12;83:102759. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102759. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhile neural plasticity has long been studied as the basis of learning, the growth of large-scale neural recording techniques provides a unique opportunity to study how learning-induced activity changes are coordinated across neurons within the same circuit. These distributed changes can be understood through an evolution of the geometry of neural manifolds and latent dynamics underlying new computations. In parallel, studies of multi-task and continual learning in artificial neural networks hint at a tradeoff between...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Harsha Gurnani N Alex Cayco Gajic Source Type: research
