The synaptic basis for sexual dimorphism in the invertebrate nervous system
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 10;82:102757. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102757. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMany animal behaviors are manifested differently in the two sexes of a given species, but how such sexual dimorphism is imprinted in the nervous system is not always clear. One mechanism involved is synaptic dimorphism, by which the same neurons exist in the two sexes, but form synapses that differ in features such as anatomy, molecular content or fate. While some evidence for synaptic dimorphism exists in humans and mammals, identifying these mechanisms in invertebrates has proven simpler, due to their smaller nervou...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Yehuda Salzberg Rizwanul Haque Meital Oren-Suissa Source Type: research
The synaptic basis for sexual dimorphism in the invertebrate nervous system
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 10;82:102757. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102757. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMany animal behaviors are manifested differently in the two sexes of a given species, but how such sexual dimorphism is imprinted in the nervous system is not always clear. One mechanism involved is synaptic dimorphism, by which the same neurons exist in the two sexes, but form synapses that differ in features such as anatomy, molecular content or fate. While some evidence for synaptic dimorphism exists in humans and mammals, identifying these mechanisms in invertebrates has proven simpler, due to their smaller nervou...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Yehuda Salzberg Rizwanul Haque Meital Oren-Suissa Source Type: research
From tadpole to adult frog locomotion
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 5;82:102753. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102753. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe transition from larval to adult locomotion in the anuran, Xenopus laevis, involves a dramatic switch from axial to appendicular swimming including intermediate stages when the tail and hindlimbs co-exist and contribute to propulsion. Hatchling tadpole swimming is generated by an axial central pattern generator (CPG) which matures rapidly during early larval life. During metamorphosis, the developing limbs are controlled by a de novo appendicular CPG driven initially by the axial system before segregating to allow b...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Keith T Sillar John Simmers Denis Combes Source Type: research
From tadpole to adult frog locomotion
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 5;82:102753. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102753. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe transition from larval to adult locomotion in the anuran, Xenopus laevis, involves a dramatic switch from axial to appendicular swimming including intermediate stages when the tail and hindlimbs co-exist and contribute to propulsion. Hatchling tadpole swimming is generated by an axial central pattern generator (CPG) which matures rapidly during early larval life. During metamorphosis, the developing limbs are controlled by a de novo appendicular CPG driven initially by the axial system before segregating to allow b...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Keith T Sillar John Simmers Denis Combes Source Type: research
From tadpole to adult frog locomotion
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 5;82:102753. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102753. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe transition from larval to adult locomotion in the anuran, Xenopus laevis, involves a dramatic switch from axial to appendicular swimming including intermediate stages when the tail and hindlimbs co-exist and contribute to propulsion. Hatchling tadpole swimming is generated by an axial central pattern generator (CPG) which matures rapidly during early larval life. During metamorphosis, the developing limbs are controlled by a de novo appendicular CPG driven initially by the axial system before segregating to allow b...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Keith T Sillar John Simmers Denis Combes Source Type: research
From tadpole to adult frog locomotion
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 5;82:102753. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102753. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe transition from larval to adult locomotion in the anuran, Xenopus laevis, involves a dramatic switch from axial to appendicular swimming including intermediate stages when the tail and hindlimbs co-exist and contribute to propulsion. Hatchling tadpole swimming is generated by an axial central pattern generator (CPG) which matures rapidly during early larval life. During metamorphosis, the developing limbs are controlled by a de novo appendicular CPG driven initially by the axial system before segregating to allow b...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Keith T Sillar John Simmers Denis Combes Source Type: research
From tadpole to adult frog locomotion
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 5;82:102753. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102753. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe transition from larval to adult locomotion in the anuran, Xenopus laevis, involves a dramatic switch from axial to appendicular swimming including intermediate stages when the tail and hindlimbs co-exist and contribute to propulsion. Hatchling tadpole swimming is generated by an axial central pattern generator (CPG) which matures rapidly during early larval life. During metamorphosis, the developing limbs are controlled by a de novo appendicular CPG driven initially by the axial system before segregating to allow b...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Keith T Sillar John Simmers Denis Combes Source Type: research
Central respiratory command and microglia: An early-life partnership
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 4;82:102756. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102756. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMicroglia, brain-resident macrophages, are key players in brain development, regulating synapse density, shaping neural circuits, contributing to plasticity, and maintaining nervous tissue homeostasis. These functions are ensured from early prenatal development until maturity, in normal and pathological states of the central nervous system. Microglia dysfunction can be involved in several neurodevelopmental disorders, some of which are associated with respiratory deficits. Breathing is a rhythmic motor behavior generat...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Muriel Thoby-Brisson Source Type: research
Central respiratory command and microglia: An early-life partnership
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 4;82:102756. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102756. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMicroglia, brain-resident macrophages, are key players in brain development, regulating synapse density, shaping neural circuits, contributing to plasticity, and maintaining nervous tissue homeostasis. These functions are ensured from early prenatal development until maturity, in normal and pathological states of the central nervous system. Microglia dysfunction can be involved in several neurodevelopmental disorders, some of which are associated with respiratory deficits. Breathing is a rhythmic motor behavior generat...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Muriel Thoby-Brisson Source Type: research
Spatiotemporal insights of APP function
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 3;82:102754. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102754. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitous protein with a strong genetic link to Alzheimer's disease. Although the protein was identified more than forty years ago, its physiological function is still unclear. In recent years, advances in technology have allowed researchers to tackle APP functions in greater depth. In this review, we discuss the latest research pertaining to APP functions from development to aging. We also address the different roles that APP could play in specific types of cells of the cen...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - August 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jade Dunot Aurore Ribera Paula A Pousinha H élène Marie Source Type: research
Mechanisms of copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: From genes to therapeutics
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Jul 27;82:102750. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102750. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCopy number variants (CNVs) are genomic imbalances strongly linked to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. By virtue of their large size, CNVs often contain many genes, providing a multi-genic view of disease processes that can be dissected in model systems. Thus, CNV research provides an important stepping stone towards understanding polygenic disease mechanisms, positioned between monogenic and polygenic risk models. In this review, we will outline hypothetical models for gen...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - July 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Marc P Forrest Peter Penzes Source Type: research
Mechanisms of copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: From genes to therapeutics
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Jul 27;82:102750. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102750. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCopy number variants (CNVs) are genomic imbalances strongly linked to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. By virtue of their large size, CNVs often contain many genes, providing a multi-genic view of disease processes that can be dissected in model systems. Thus, CNV research provides an important stepping stone towards understanding polygenic disease mechanisms, positioned between monogenic and polygenic risk models. In this review, we will outline hypothetical models for gen...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - July 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Marc P Forrest Peter Penzes Source Type: research
Mechanisms of copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: From genes to therapeutics
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Jul 27;82:102750. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102750. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCopy number variants (CNVs) are genomic imbalances strongly linked to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. By virtue of their large size, CNVs often contain many genes, providing a multi-genic view of disease processes that can be dissected in model systems. Thus, CNV research provides an important stepping stone towards understanding polygenic disease mechanisms, positioned between monogenic and polygenic risk models. In this review, we will outline hypothetical models for gen...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - July 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Marc P Forrest Peter Penzes Source Type: research
Mechanisms of copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: From genes to therapeutics
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Jul 27;82:102750. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102750. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCopy number variants (CNVs) are genomic imbalances strongly linked to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. By virtue of their large size, CNVs often contain many genes, providing a multi-genic view of disease processes that can be dissected in model systems. Thus, CNV research provides an important stepping stone towards understanding polygenic disease mechanisms, positioned between monogenic and polygenic risk models. In this review, we will outline hypothetical models for gen...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - July 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Marc P Forrest Peter Penzes Source Type: research
Mechanisms of copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: From genes to therapeutics
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Jul 27;82:102750. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102750. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCopy number variants (CNVs) are genomic imbalances strongly linked to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. By virtue of their large size, CNVs often contain many genes, providing a multi-genic view of disease processes that can be dissected in model systems. Thus, CNV research provides an important stepping stone towards understanding polygenic disease mechanisms, positioned between monogenic and polygenic risk models. In this review, we will outline hypothetical models for gen...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - July 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Marc P Forrest Peter Penzes Source Type: research
