Signatures of task learning in neural representations
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 12;83:102759. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102759. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhile neural plasticity has long been studied as the basis of learning, the growth of large-scale neural recording techniques provides a unique opportunity to study how learning-induced activity changes are coordinated across neurons within the same circuit. These distributed changes can be understood through an evolution of the geometry of neural manifolds and latent dynamics underlying new computations. In parallel, studies of multi-task and continual learning in artificial neural networks hint at a tradeoff between...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Harsha Gurnani N Alex Cayco Gajic Source Type: research
Expanding the function of oligodendrocytes to brain energy metabolism
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 11;83:102782. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102782. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOligodendrocytes are best known for wrapping myelin, a unique specialization that enables energy-efficient and fast axonal impulse propagation in white matter tracts and fibers of the cortical circuitry. However, myelinating oligodendrocytes have additional metabolic functions that are only gradually understood, including the regulated release of pyruvate/lactate and extracellular vesicles, both of which are in support of the axonal energy balance. The axon-supportive functions of glial cells are older than myelin in ...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Klaus-Armin Nave Ebrahim Asadollahi Andrew Sasmita Source Type: research
Expanding the function of oligodendrocytes to brain energy metabolism
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 11;83:102782. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102782. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOligodendrocytes are best known for wrapping myelin, a unique specialization that enables energy-efficient and fast axonal impulse propagation in white matter tracts and fibers of the cortical circuitry. However, myelinating oligodendrocytes have additional metabolic functions that are only gradually understood, including the regulated release of pyruvate/lactate and extracellular vesicles, both of which are in support of the axonal energy balance. The axon-supportive functions of glial cells are older than myelin in ...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Klaus-Armin Nave Ebrahim Asadollahi Andrew Sasmita Source Type: research
Corticostriatal pathways for bilateral sensorimotor functions
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 9;83:102781. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102781. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCorticostriatal pathways are essential for a multitude of motor, sensory, cognitive, and affective functions. They are mediated by cortical pyramidal neurons, roughly divided into two projection classes: the pyramidal tract (PT) and the intratelencephalic tract (IT). These pathways have been the focus of numerous studies in recent years, revealing their distinct structural and functional properties. Notably, their synaptic connectivity within ipsi- and contralateral cortical and striatal microcircuits is characterized ...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Ruy G ómez-Ocádiz Gilad Silberberg Source Type: research
Corticostriatal pathways for bilateral sensorimotor functions
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 9;83:102781. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102781. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCorticostriatal pathways are essential for a multitude of motor, sensory, cognitive, and affective functions. They are mediated by cortical pyramidal neurons, roughly divided into two projection classes: the pyramidal tract (PT) and the intratelencephalic tract (IT). These pathways have been the focus of numerous studies in recent years, revealing their distinct structural and functional properties. Notably, their synaptic connectivity within ipsi- and contralateral cortical and striatal microcircuits is characterized ...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Ruy G ómez-Ocádiz Gilad Silberberg Source Type: research
Energetically efficient learning in neuronal networks
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 4;83:102779. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102779. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman and animal experiments have shown that acquiring and storing information can require substantial amounts of metabolic energy. However, computational models of neural plasticity only seldom take this cost into account, and might thereby miss an important constraint on biological learning. This review explores various ways to reduce energy requirements for learning in neural networks. By comparing the resulting learning rules to cognitive and neurophysiological observations, we discuss how energy efficiency might h...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aaron Pache Mark C W van Rossum Source Type: research
Energetically efficient learning in neuronal networks
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 4;83:102779. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102779. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman and animal experiments have shown that acquiring and storing information can require substantial amounts of metabolic energy. However, computational models of neural plasticity only seldom take this cost into account, and might thereby miss an important constraint on biological learning. This review explores various ways to reduce energy requirements for learning in neural networks. By comparing the resulting learning rules to cognitive and neurophysiological observations, we discuss how energy efficiency might h...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aaron Pache Mark C W van Rossum Source Type: research
Energetically efficient learning in neuronal networks
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 4;83:102779. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102779. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman and animal experiments have shown that acquiring and storing information can require substantial amounts of metabolic energy. However, computational models of neural plasticity only seldom take this cost into account, and might thereby miss an important constraint on biological learning. This review explores various ways to reduce energy requirements for learning in neural networks. By comparing the resulting learning rules to cognitive and neurophysiological observations, we discuss how energy efficiency might h...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aaron Pache Mark C W van Rossum Source Type: research
Energetically efficient learning in neuronal networks
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 4;83:102779. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102779. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman and animal experiments have shown that acquiring and storing information can require substantial amounts of metabolic energy. However, computational models of neural plasticity only seldom take this cost into account, and might thereby miss an important constraint on biological learning. This review explores various ways to reduce energy requirements for learning in neural networks. By comparing the resulting learning rules to cognitive and neurophysiological observations, we discuss how energy efficiency might h...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aaron Pache Mark C W van Rossum Source Type: research
Energetically efficient learning in neuronal networks
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 4;83:102779. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102779. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman and animal experiments have shown that acquiring and storing information can require substantial amounts of metabolic energy. However, computational models of neural plasticity only seldom take this cost into account, and might thereby miss an important constraint on biological learning. This review explores various ways to reduce energy requirements for learning in neural networks. By comparing the resulting learning rules to cognitive and neurophysiological observations, we discuss how energy efficiency might h...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aaron Pache Mark C W van Rossum Source Type: research
Design of mechanosensory feedback during undulatory locomotion to enhance speed and stability
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 2;83:102777. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102777. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTUndulatory locomotion relies on the propagation of a wave of excitation in the spinal cord leading to consequential activation of segmental skeletal muscles along the body. Although this process relies on self-generated oscillations of motor circuits in the spinal cord, mechanosensory feedback is crucial to entrain the underlying oscillatory activity and thereby, to enhance movement power and speed. This effect is achieved through directional projections of mechanosensory neurons either sensing stretching or compressio...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 4, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Claire Wyart Martin Carbo-Tano Source Type: research
Design of mechanosensory feedback during undulatory locomotion to enhance speed and stability
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Sep 2;83:102777. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102777. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTUndulatory locomotion relies on the propagation of a wave of excitation in the spinal cord leading to consequential activation of segmental skeletal muscles along the body. Although this process relies on self-generated oscillations of motor circuits in the spinal cord, mechanosensory feedback is crucial to entrain the underlying oscillatory activity and thereby, to enhance movement power and speed. This effect is achieved through directional projections of mechanosensory neurons either sensing stretching or compressio...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 4, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Claire Wyart Martin Carbo-Tano Source Type: research
The organization of spinal neurons: Insights from single cell sequencing
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 30;82:102762. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102762. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTo understand how the spinal cord enacts complex sensorimotor functions, researchers have studied, classified, and functionally probed it's many neuronal populations for over a century. Recent developments in single-cell RNA-sequencing can characterize the gene expression signatures of the entire set of spinal neuron types and can simultaneously provide an unbiased view of their relationships to each other. This approach has revealed that the location of neurons predicts transcriptomic variability, as dorsal spinal ne...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: R Brian Roome Ariel J Levine Source Type: research
Nonlinear slow-timescale mechanisms in synaptic plasticity
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 30;82:102778. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102778. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLearning and memory rely on synapses changing their strengths in response to neural activity. However, there is a substantial gap between the timescales of neural electrical dynamics (1-100 ms) and organism behaviour during learning (seconds-minutes). What mechanisms bridge this timescale gap? What are the implications for theories of brain learning? Here I first cover experimental evidence for slow-timescale factors in plasticity induction. Then I review possible underlying cellular and synaptic mechanisms, and insig...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Cian O'Donnell Source Type: research
The organization of spinal neurons: Insights from single cell sequencing
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Aug 30;82:102762. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102762. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTo understand how the spinal cord enacts complex sensorimotor functions, researchers have studied, classified, and functionally probed it's many neuronal populations for over a century. Recent developments in single-cell RNA-sequencing can characterize the gene expression signatures of the entire set of spinal neuron types and can simultaneously provide an unbiased view of their relationships to each other. This approach has revealed that the location of neurons predicts transcriptomic variability, as dorsal spinal ne...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - September 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: R Brian Roome Ariel J Levine Source Type: research
