Parents ’ Perceptions of Children’s Exposure to Unhealthy Food Marketing: a Narrative Review of the Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewA key driver of unhealthy diets in children is the marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages. Attempts to regulate children ’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing through government-led policies are challenged by commercial interests. Parents shoulder the responsibility of counteracting the effects of omnipresent unhealthy food marketing that children are exposed to within the food environment. In this narrative revie w we aimed to synthesise the evidence over the last 10 years on parents' perceptions of children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing and parents support for policies to rest...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - March 12, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Weight Gain Recommendations for Athletes and Military Personnel: a Critical Review of the Evidence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSports nutrition guidelines typically state that athletes desiring weight gain follow a regimen that includes increasing energy intake by ~ 300–500 kcal/day with an emphasis on adequate protein and carbohydrate and judicious inclusion of energy-dense foods, in combination with rigorous resistance training. This regimen is thought to promote weekly gains of ~ 0.45 kg (1 lb), mostly as lean body mass (LBM). This review sum marizes the evidence supporting these intentional weight gain regimens in athletes.Recent FindingsAlthough some research has been conducted in the past 5 years, res...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - March 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Prevalence of Food Insecurity in the General College Population and Student-Athletes: a Review of the Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) among the general college student population with a focus on student-athletes and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI in these groups.Recent FindingsFI is estimated to be more prevalent in college students than in the general population, although ranges vary widely. Less is known about FI among college student-athletes. Data on changes in FI prevalence pre-pandemic and during is mixed.SummaryColleges and universities should invest in interventions to address FI on their campuses, and further research on FI among s...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 26, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Cardiorenal Metabolic Consequences of Nighttime Snacking: Is it an Innocent Eating Behavior?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHealth consequences of nighttime eating, as a publicly discussed eating behavior type, have been speculated lately. Nighttime eating has been linked to various metabolic outcomes including hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, weight gain, elevated blood pressure, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, and cardiorenal outcomes such as atherosclerosis, a decline in eGFR, and proteinuria.Recent FindingsAlthough the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanism is not yet clear, multiple hypotheses including disrupted circadian rhythm, altered hormonal levels, and decline in cellular regenera...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 23, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Plant-Based Diet: Is It as Good as an Animal-Based Diet When It Comes to Protein?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProtein is a macronutrient that is responsible for multiple functions in the human body and is made up of twenty amino acids. Nine amino acids are not synthesized in the human body and require dietary ingestion to prevent deficiency. These essential amino acids are easily obtained through animal-based proteins but can be in limited quantities through plant-based protein sources. With the obesity epidemic rising, great attention has turned to plant-based protein diets and their health and environmental implications. The differences in plant and animal protein sources have been explored for their eff...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 22, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Epigenetic Aging in Early Life: Role of Maternal and Early Childhood Nutrition
This article reviews the current evidence regarding maternal and early childhood nutritional exposures and their role in epigenetic aging.Recent FindingsMaternal and early life consumption of diets higher in fiber, antioxidants, polyphenols, B vitamins, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acids is associated with slower epigenetic aging. Conversely, diets higher in glycemic load, fat, saturated fat, and ω-6 fatty acids demonstrate a positive association with epigenetic aging.SummaryMaternal and early life nutrition directly and indirectly influences epigenetic aging via changes in one-carbon metabolism, cardiometabolic health, and ...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 22, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Recent Developments in the Assessment of Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes
This article aims to review nutrition knowledge questionnaires published in the last 5 years to identify advances, possible improvements in questionnaire development and design, and challenges that remain.Recent FindingsTwelve new or modified questionnaires were identified. All had undergone validity and reliability testing. Advancements included quantitative measures of content validity and Rasch analysis. Online questionnaires were common, with at least seven using this format. Advances included use of images (n = 2), automated scored feedback (n = 1), and use of applied questions.SummaryWhile advancements have...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 16, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Nutritional Deficiencies Before and After Bariatric Surgery: Prevention and Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBariatric surgery has the unique ability to drive substantial and sustainable weight loss in people living with obesity. Non-reversibility of these surgical techniques provides lifelong benefits but entails the need for continuous medical follow-up. The purpose of the current paper is to review and summarize current data on nutritional deficiencies in patients before and after bariatric surgery.Recent FindingsThe cornerstone of preventing the emergence of disorders related to nutritional deficiencies is preoperative screening and correct supplementation since they may be exacerbated postoperatively...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 16, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The Niche of n-of-1 Trials in Precision Medicine for Weight Loss and Obesity Treatment: Back to the Future
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThen-of-1 clinical trials are considered the epitome of individualized health care. They are employed to address differences in treatment response and adverse events between patients, in a comparative effectiveness manner, extending beyond the delivery of horizontal recommendations for all.Recent FindingsThen-of-1 design has been applied to deliver precision exercise interventions, through eHealth and mHealth technologies. Regarding personalized and precision medical nutrition therapy, few trials have implemented dietary manipulations and one series ofn-of-1 trials has applied comprehensive genetic...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 16, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Sodium and Health: Old Myths and a Controversy Based on Denial
This article analyzes the eight articles as a case study, summarizes misleading claims, their objections, and it offers possible reasons for such claims.SummaryOur study calls upon journal editors to ensure that unfounded claims about sodium intake be rigorously challenged by independent reviewers before publication; to avoid editorial writers who have been co-authors with the subject paper ’s authors; to require statements of conflict of interest; and to ensure that their pages are used only by those who seek to advance knowledge by engaging in the scientific method and its collegial pursuit. The public interest in the ...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 14, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Implementing a ‘Vegetables First’ Approach to Complementary Feeding
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide a rationale for promoting a vegetables first approach to complementary feeding (CF), building on prior exposure to vegetable flavours experienced in utero and via breastfeeding (chemosensory continuity).Recent FindingsVegetables confer selective health benefits but population intakes are below recommendations globally; maternal intake of vegetables during both pregnancy and lactation promotes familiarity with some vegetable flavours. Building on this exposure, vegetables as a first food during CF further promote acceptance. However, experiments testing efficacy of a vegetables first appr...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 12, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Barriers and Enablers for Healthy Food Systems and Environments: The Role of Local Governments
This article comprises a narrative review summarising recent relevant literature with a focus on the intersection between corporate power and public health. The review sought to identify some of the principal barriers for the design and support of healthy food systems and environments, as well as key reforms that can be adopted to address these barriers, with a focus on the role of local governments.Recent findingsThe review found that, where permitted to do so by authorising legislative and regulatory frameworks, and where political and executive leadership prioritises healthy and sustainable food systems, local governmen...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - February 12, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Conflict and Child Malnutrition: a Systematic Review of the Emerging Quantitative Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewReduction of child malnutrition in conflict settings is on top of the international agenda on sustainable development. This association between child malnutrition and conflict has been hypothesised in the academic literature but not rigorously examined empirically till recently. This paper reviews the emerging quantitative literature, including conflict as an explanatory variable to understand the aspects of child malnutrition studied and how violent events are associated with child nutritional status. Limitations are also highlighted.Recent FindingsChild malnutrition is investigated into its three...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - January 30, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Latest Trends in Investing for Improved Nutrition and Obesity Prevention
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this paper is to summarise current trends and new developments with regard to institutional investor actions related to nutrition and obesity prevention.Recent FindingsInvestor-related activity related to improving population diets is building, with several recent initiatives aiming to accelerate achievement of global nutrition goals. There is increasing civil society and investor activism focused on leveraging investor influence to improve nutrition-related food company actions. There are multiple sustainability-related reporting standards; however, few include comprehensive nutrition-r...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - January 26, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Nutrition, Immunology, and Kidney: Looking Beyond the Horizons
AbstractPurpose of ReviewChronic kidney disease (CKD) is epidemic throughout the word. Despite various novel therapeutic opportunities, CKD is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. In CKD, patient ’s chronic inflammation is frequent and related with adverse outcomes. Both innate and adaptive immunity are dysfunctional in CKD. Therefore, it is plausible to interfere with dysfunctional immunity in these patients. In the current review, we present the updated experimental and clinical data sum marizing the effects of nutritional interventions including natural products and dietary supplements on immune dysfunc...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - January 26, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
