RMR Ratio as a Surrogate Marker for Low Energy Availability
AbstractPurpose of ReviewLow energy availability (EA) poses severe consequences to athlete performance and overall health. Suppressed resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been observed during periods of low EA. Thus, it has been suggested that the ratio of RMR measured via indirect calorimetry to predictive RMR using a standard predictive equation (RMR ratio) may be a useful assessment of EA in athletes. This review evaluated the use of RMR ratio as a surrogate marker for low EA in athletes and compared methodologies for measuring RMR ratio.Recent FindingsDecreased RMR ratio in recent studies often correlates with signs of low...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - January 26, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Metabotyping for Precision Nutrition and Weight Management: Hype or Hope?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPrecision nutrition requires a solid understanding of the factors that determine individual responses to dietary treatment. We review the current state of knowledge in identifying human metabotypes – based on circulating biomarkers – that can predict weight loss or other relevant physiological outcomes in response to diet treatment.Recent FindingsNot many studies have been conducted in this area and the ones identified here are heterogeneous in design and methodology, and therefore difficult to synthesize and draw conclusions. The basis of the creation of metabotypes varies widely, from using ...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - January 13, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The Association Between the Gut Microbiome, Nutritional Habits, Antibiotics, and Gastric Cancer: a Scoping Review
Abstract Purpose of ReviewGastric cancer (GC) represents one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The prevalence of GC among the younger population has been increasing in recent years, and the latter is associated with late detection and advanced disease status. The factors involved in the development of GC have been the focus of investigation in the past few years; yet no consistent conclusions or preventative solutions have been suggested. This scoping review aims to explore and report on research studies conducted to investigate the association between GC, the gut microbiome, and nutritional habits...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - January 12, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The Influence of Animal- or Plant-Based Diets on Blood and Urine Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels in Humans
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of the review was to evaluate which diets are associated with higher TMAO levels.Recent FindingsSeveral studies have shown that plasma and urinary levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are a reliable indicator of cardiovascular disease risk. Diet certainly has a strong influence on TMAO levels, but there is still uncertainty about which diet is the most effective in reducing this risk factor.SummaryPubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for studies that were published up until July 1, 2021 using specific keywords. In total, 447 studies were evaluated, of which papers on indi...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - January 6, 2022 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Correction to: The Nutrition-COVID-19 Interplay: a Review
(Source: Current Nutrition Reports)
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - December 14, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
A Proposed Research Agenda for Promoting Healthy Retail Food Environments in the East Asia –Pacific Region
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aimed to summarise existing literature on strategies to improve the healthiness of retail food environments in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region, and propose a prioritised research agenda on this topic.Recent FindingsLittle research on retail food environments has been conducted in the EAP region. Several approaches for measuring retail food environments were identified, although none have been tailored to the EAP context. A small number of policies and initiatives to promote healthy retail food environments have been implemented in EAP. Lessons learnt from successful implementation...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - December 11, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of Health Promotion Programs to Improve Nutrition for People with Intellectual Disability
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo investigate the type and effectiveness of health promotion programs designed to improve nutrition for people with intellectual disability. This review also sought to highlight gaps in the evidence by mapping interventions to the socio-ecological model.Recent FindingsTo date, reviews on health promotion programs for people with intellectual disability have focused on individualised weight management interventions and behaviour change techniques. No reviews have focused solely on nutrition or considered a broader range of interventions and policies targeted beyond the individual.SummaryThis review...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - December 10, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The Nutrition-COVID-19 Interplay: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNutritional status is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, directly or indirectly. Even with the recent rollout of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and availability of medicines such as remdesivir, and monoclonal antibodies, host nutritional status is pivotal in the fight against the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and outcomes. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of COVID-19-related lockdown on lifestyle behaviors, and the nutritional consequences, and the direct sequelae of the infection on nutrition including potential nutritional ...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - November 27, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Impact of COVID-19 on the Intestinal Microbiome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review article aims to explore the GI changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 and how gut microbial homeostasis can influence these changes and affect the lung-gut axis and its relationship with the induction of the cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 patients.Recent FindingsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects not only the respiratory system but can produce multi-systemic damage. The expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the high prevalence of GI symptoms in severely ill COVID-19 patients, and the abnormalities described in t...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - November 23, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Current Knowledge Base of Beverage Health Impacts, Trends, and Intake Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: Implications for Public Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewImproving beverage patterns is important for promoting the health of children and adolescents. Food preferences can begin developing at a young age; thus, children and adolescents should be provided healthy beverages in accordance with current recommendations. The purpose of this review is to identify and summarize existing beverage recommendations for children and adolescents. This review also discusses the health impacts of beverages and how beverage consumption has changed among children and adolescents over time.Recent FindingsThe mean number of calories that children and adolescents are consum...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - November 19, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
How Differences in the Disease Process of the COVID-19 Pandemic Pose Challenges to the Delivery of Critical Care Nutrition
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe COVID-19 pandemic is a unique disease process that has caused unprecedented challenges for intensive care specialists. The hyperinflammatory hypermetabolic nature of the disease and the complexity of its management create barriers to the delivery of nutritional therapy. This review identifies the key differences which characterize this pandemic from other disease processes in critical illness and discusses alternative strategies to enhance success of nutritional support.Recent FindingsProlonged hyperinflammation, unlike any previously described pattern of response to injury, causes metabolic pe...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - October 21, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Food Access, Food Insecurity, and Gun Violence: Examining a Complex Relationship
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFood insecurity and gun violence are timely and relevant public health issues impacting many regions within the USA with a potential association. Terminology surrounding food access and food security can be confusing, which is important to understand when examining the relationship between these issues and gun violence.Recent FindingsFood insecurity is an individual level risk factor that appears to correlate with an increased rate of exposure and future involvement in violence. Food deserts represent geographic regions with limited access to food but do not necessarily represent regions with high ...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - October 21, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Trials: an Update on Research on the Association Between Red Meat Consumption and Colorectal Cancer
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewColorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the world. The aim of this review is to provide an update on recent epidemiological studies, the molecular mechanisms involved, and ongoing clinical trials investigating the relationship between red meat consumption and colorectal cancer.Recent FindingsEvidence in the literature proposes an association between red meat consumption and development of colorectal cancer, and there is some insight with regard to the mechanisms involved.SummaryTwenty studies of the IARC report (1990 –2015) showed that red meat is positively assoc...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - October 19, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
A Rapid Review of the Environmental Impacts Associated with Food Consumption in Australia and New Zealand
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) have been criticised for making only brief reference to sustainability considerations. With the ADG currently under review, the purpose of this rapid review was to determine the environmental impacts associated with food consumption in Australia and New Zealand.Recent FindingsOf the 20 articles included, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) were the most common environmental indicator (n = 12), followed by water use and water footprint (n = 7), and carbon footprint (n = 3). Whilst there are commonalities between different environmental indicators ...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - October 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
How Does Fasting Affect Cognition? An Updated Systematic Review (2013 –2020)
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review was to provide an update on the literature examining how voluntary, temporary abstention from eating impacts cognitive function.Recent FindingsWe evaluated peer-reviewed articles published between August 2013 and January 2021 that assessed adults, included a measure of cognitive functioning with neutral stimuli, and compared individuals in a fasted state to individuals in a fed state (either within- or between-subject designs). Nineteen articles (21 studies) met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes, fasting methods, and tasks varied across studies. Review of studies indicated th...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - September 30, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
