Precision Nutrition to Improve Risk Factors of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewExisting dietary and lifestyle interventions and recommendations, to improve the risk factors of obesity and type 2 diabetes with the target to mitigate this double global epidemic, have produced inconsistent results due to interpersonal variabilities in response to these conventional approaches, and inaccuracies in dietary assessment methods. Precision nutrition, an emerging strategy, tailors an individual ’s key characteristics such as diet, phenotype, genotype, metabolic biomarkers, and gut microbiome for personalized dietary recommendations to optimize dietary response and health. Precision n...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - August 23, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Narrative Review of Probiotic Use on the Recovery of Postoperative Patients with Esophageal Cancer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis narrative review discusses the significance of probiotic therapy in the postoperative care of patients with esophageal cancer and its role as an adjunct therapy to other treatment modalities for esophageal cancer.Recent FindingsAs such, there is an emerging need to address any malnutrition and gastrointestinal problems occurring in these patients which tend to have a strong negative impact on their prognosis. Probiotic effects on esophageal cancer biomarkers suggest that there is a positive correlation between these two factors. However, the beneficial effects remain controversial and warrant ...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - August 22, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Nutritional and Health-Promoting Effects of Lichens Used in Food Applications
AbstractPurpose of ReviewLichens have a huge significance which is used in nutrition due to the bioactive components within. Lichen is a nutrient-dense resourceful diet nearly every day meal and has long been used as food; also, these valuable natural resources are now being utilized for a wide range of other purposes. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the nutritional and edible qualities of lichens as well as the possible health benefits of lichens. It is interesting to note that lichen is a nutrient-dense and functional food. It is a nutritional resource that can mitigate the effects of malnutrition to some amou...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - August 15, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
A New Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Related Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors: Dietary Polyphenols
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology and causing various reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and psychological complications. Recent meta-analyses and systemic reviews showed that PCOS increases the risk factor for various cardio-metabolic complications like insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. In addition to these, it was suggested that chronic low-grade inflammation and oxida...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - August 2, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Nutrition in the Management of ADHD: A Review of Recent Research
AbstractPurpose of ReviewVarious nutrients and diet quality have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The purpose of this review was to examine data from recent cohort studies and dietary interventions to determine whether nutrition may play a role in the management of ADHD.Recent FindingsPreliminary evidence suggests that minerals might have beneficial effects on ADHD symptomatology. Probiotics might offer novel strategies to prevent or treat ADHD. Inverse associations between adherence to “healthy” diets and ADHD symptoms have been observed. Children with ADHD responding to the few-foods diet...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - July 28, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Tools for Nutrition Assessment of Adults with Cerebral Palsy: Development of a Gold Standard
The objective of this review is to compile the latest trends in nutritional assessment in adults with CP to guide the development of a conceptual framework for future research.Recent FindingsWith this aim, relevant studies have been identified. The most commonly used technique to evaluate nutritional status is the BMI because of its ease-of-use. However, its well-known limitations fail to adequately estimate the nutritional status in this population, with measurements of patients with CP yielding results that are much less accurate than those that already exist in the general population.SummaryAlthough more studies are nee...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - July 24, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Conceptual Considerations and Methodological Challenges to Measuring Food Acceptance During Infancy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to (1) present a conceptual definition of infant food acceptance, (2) explore methodological challenges to measuring different components of food acceptance, and (3) provide recommendations for future research on food acceptance during infancy.Recent FindingsInfant food acceptance includes separate but overlapping components:wanting,liking, andconsumption. Recent evidence suggests that although these components are often correlated, there is variability in the sensitivity of these measures to detect differences in infants ’ responses to target foods.SummaryTo date, c...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - July 18, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Hematological and Biochemical Markers, Hormonal Behavior, and Oxidant Response in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWithania somnifera (L.) Dunal(Ws) is a common herb plant that has been used for centuries to treat a wide range of conditions, particularly certain chronic diseases due to its antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antistress, and chondroprotective effects, among many others. No conclusive evidence, however, exists about the potential health effects ofWs in adults without chronic conditions. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the health benefits ofWs supplementation in healthy adults.Recent FindingsBased on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideli...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - July 10, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Mitochondrial Damage and Hypertension: Another Dark Side of Sodium Excess
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEssential or primary hypertension (HT) is a worldwide health problem with no definitive cure. Although the exact pathogenesis of HT is not known, genetic factors, increased renin-angiotensin and sympathetic system activity, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation play a role in its development. Environmental factors such as sodium intake are also important for BP regulation, and excess sodium intake in the form of salt (NaCl, sodium chloride) increases blood pressure in salt-sensitive people. Excess salt intake increases extracellular volume, oxidative stress, inflammation, and ...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - June 29, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The Uterine Environment and Childhood Obesity Risk: Mechanisms and Predictions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewChildhood obesity is a growing health problem in many populations, hence the urgent need to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that exposure to suboptimal intrauterine environments can program foetal metabolic health, with adverse consequences in later life, including susceptibility to childhood obesity.FindingsFactors such as high and low foetal birth weight, excessive gestational-weight-gain, maternal stress and smoking are all associated with increased risk of childhood obesity in observational studies. Animal models, where both genetic background and the postnatal environ...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - June 20, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The Influence of Grandparents on Children ’s Dietary Health: A Narrative Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo examine and synthesise recent evidence on the role of grandparents in shaping children's dietary health.Recent FindingsThe influence of grandparents on children ’s dietary health was evident across studies. Grandparents frequently provide their grandchildren with meals and snacks, and engage in many of the same feeding practices used by parents. Although grandparents report providing their grandchildren with healthy foods, the provision of treat foods hig h in sugar or fat was a common finding. This provision led to family conflict, with the indulgent behaviours of grandparents seen by parents...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - June 17, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Maternal n-3 PUFA Intake During Pregnancy and Perinatal Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence
The objective of this review was to provide an updated review on the association of antenatal n-3 PUFA intake via different sources (seafood, fish, overall diet, and supplementation) with perinatal mental health problems including depression, anxiety, and psychological distress.Recent FindingsSearches were performed in Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and APA PsycInfo databases on 21 June 2021. A total of 2133 records were screened. Data including the name of the first author, publication year, study design, sample characteristics, dietary assessment time and tools, mental health outcome measures, and other relevant informa...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - June 16, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNAD+ is a vital molecule that takes part as a redox cofactor in several metabolic reactions besides being used as a substrate in important cellular signaling in regulation pathways for energetic, genotoxic, and infectious stress. In stress conditions, NAD+ biosynthesis and levels decrease as well as the activity of consuming enzymes rises. Dietary precursors can promote NAD+ biosynthesis and increase intracellular levels, being a potential strategy for reversing physiological decline and preventing diseases. In this review, we will show the biochemistry and metabolism of NAD+ precursors N...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - June 5, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Fatty Liver Disease and Food Insecurity: Excess in Scarcity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is widely prevalent in the U.S and is the primary cause of chronic liver disease. Existing evidence shows that food insecurity may be an independent risk factor for fatty liver disease and is associated with poor health outcomes. Understanding the role of food insecurity in these patients can help develop mitigation strategies to address the growing prevalence of NAFLD.Recent FindingsFood insecurity is associated with increased overall mortality and health care utilization among patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Individuals from low-income household...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - May 29, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Dairy Foods: Beneficial Effects of Fermented Products on Cardiometabolic Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review of recent observational studies and understanding of the complex nature of dairy foods is intended to reappraise the effects of different types of dairy foods on cardiovascular disease (CVD).Recent FindingsRecent guidelines from major cardiovascular societies suggest that apart from the adverse effect of butter, consumption of more complex dairy products notably fermented varieties and yogurt in particular, appear to be inversely associated with outcomes of CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reduced fat in dairy food remains preferred for people at increased CVD risk.SummaryChanged evidence...
Source: Current Nutrition Reports - May 25, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
