Pediatric Versus Adult Chronic Rhinosinusitis
This article reviews the similarities and differences between pediatric and adult CRS.Recent FindingsRhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. In adults, inflammation in CRS without polyps (CRSsNP) mainly manifests with T-helper 1 lymphocytes while in CRS with polyps (CRSwNP) manifests with T-helper 2 lymphocytes and eosinophilic inflammation. In children, CRS inflammation manifests with neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. The associations between the ostiomeatal complex occlusion and CRS are revealed in adults but are not so evident in children. Although the relationship betwe...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - June 5, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The External Exposome and Food Allergy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe recent increase in childhood food allergy prevalence strongly suggests that environmental exposures are contributing to food allergy development. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of the external exposome in food allergy.Recent FindingsThere is growing evidence that environmental exposure to food antigens in house dust through non-oral routes contributes to food sensitization and allergy. Co-exposure to environmental adjuvants in house dust, such as microbial products and fungal allergens, may also facilitate allergic sensitization. While a high-microbe environment is asso...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - June 5, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Chronic Urticaria in Children: an Update on Diagnosis and Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBoth adults and children are frequently affected by symptoms of itchy urticarial lesions that cause considerable distress and impact nearly all their daily activities. A comprehensive history is critical to identify the etiology in patients who have chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) (those with symptoms for> 6 weeks) and is more important than extensive laboratory serum tests. Unfortunately, most of the current treatment guidelines have been based on data from adult studies since there is rare data on children. These treatment algorithms have been subsequently used to extrapolate treatments...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - June 5, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Food Allergy Management at School in the Era of Immunotherapy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFood allergy is increasing in prevalence, and management focuses on strict avoidance of known allergens and appropriately treating reactions. Any reaction has the potential to result in anaphylaxis, which can be fatal. Children spend a significant amount of time in the childcare or school setting, and interactions between families, school personnel, and clinicians are important to ensure the health and safety of children with allergies and asthma.Recent FindingsThis review examines current food allergy guidelines and legislation, an assessment of allergen-free schools, the importance of written ana...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - June 5, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Common Cold and Acute Rhinosinusitis: Up-to-Date Management in 2020
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purposes of the review are as follows: (1) to define acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) and their phenotypes, (2) to highlight the ARS management according to international guidelines, (3) to compare the physicians ’ management with the ARS guideline recommendations, and (4) to report ARS socioeconomic burden.Recent FindingsBacterial and non-bacterial ARS have similar symptoms, although they can be discriminated by using a combination of specific signs and symptoms. The prescription of antibiotics should be limited to clearly suspected bacterial ARS. There is an overuse of diagnosis tools and treatme...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - June 2, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
