Obesity, Inflammation, and Severe Asthma: an Update
AbstractPurpose of ReviewObesity-associated difficult asthma continues to be a substantial problem and, despite a move to address treatable traits affecting asthma morbidity and mortality, it remains poorly understood with limited phenotype-specific treatments. The complex association between asthma, obesity, and inflammation is highlighted and recent advances in treatment options explored.Recent FindingsObesity negatively impacts asthma outcomes and has a causal link in the pathogenesis of adult-onset asthma. Imbalance in the adipose organ found in obesity favours a pro-inflammatory state both systemically and in airway...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - December 18, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Role of PPAR- γ in Allergic Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe incidence of allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis has risen at an alarming rate over the last century. Thus, there is a clear need to understand the critical factors that drive such pathologic immune responses. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear receptor that has emerged as an important regulator of multiple cell types involved in the inflammatory response to allergens; from airway epithelial cells to T Helper (TH) cells.Recent FindingsInitial studies suggested that agonists of PPAR- γ could be employed to temper allergic inflammat...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - October 25, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Turbinate Hypertrophy, Allergic Rhinitis, and Otitis Media
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOtitis media (OM) is a disease with high prevalence in infancy; it has a substantial burden on healthcare resources, and a relevant impact on the quality of life of families. The link between OM and allergic rhinitis (AR) is still debated. However, there is agreement about the relevance of type 2 inflammation on turbinate hypertrophy (TH) generation. There is also evidence that TH is associated with middle ear dysventilation: a pathogenic factor promoting OM. Therefore, a vicious circle among AR, TH, and OM may occur.Recent FindingsThere are some recent studies exploring this issue through differen...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - September 30, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Dietary Fiber Pectin: Health Benefits and Potential for the Treatment of Allergies by Modulation of Gut Microbiota
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe incidence of allergies is increasing and has been associated with several environmental factors including westernized diets. Changes in environment and nutrition can result in dysbiosis of the skin, gut, and lung microbiota altering the production of microbial metabolites, which may in turn generate epigenetic modifications. The present review addresses studies on pectin-mediated effects on allergies, including the immune modulating mechanisms by bacterial metabolites.Recent FindingsRecently, microbiota have gained attention as target for allergy intervention, especially with prebiotics, that a...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - September 10, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Role of Environmental Air Pollution in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent disease with large social and financial burdens. The pathophysiology is multifactorial. Environmental pollutants have been suggested to play a role in the inflammatory component of the disease process.Recent FindingsRecent work has focused on exposure to various pollutants, primarily particulate matter (PM). Exposure to environmental pollutants leads to upregulation of inflammatory markers and ciliary dysfunction at the cellular level. Mouse models suggest a role for epithelial barrier dysfunction contributing to inflammatory changes after pollutan...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - September 9, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Non-IgE-Mediated Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions
This article also highlights the use of delayed intradermal testing for radiocontrast media and patch testing for delayed antibiotic reactions.SummaryDrug reactions remain a major cause of morbidity and reason for treatment changes. Non-IgE-mediated reactions have had an increase in research interest over the past decade with an increased emphasis on better understanding the clinical presentation and underlying pathophysiology. (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports)
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - August 31, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Turbinate Hypertrophy, Allergic Rhinitis, and Otitis Media
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOtitis media (OM) is a disease with high prevalence in infancy; it has a substantial burden on healthcare resources and a relevant impact on the quality of life of families. The link between OM and allergic rhinitis (AR) is still debated. However, there is agreement about the relevance of type 2 inflammation on turbinate hypertrophy (TH) generation. There is also evidence that TH is associated with middle ear dysventilation: a pathogenic factor promoting OM. Therefore, a vicious circle among AR, TH, and OM may occur.Recent FindingsThere are some recent studies exploring this issue through different...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - August 14, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
