Autism Spectrum Disorder and Sleep
Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, at rates much higher than the general population. Daytime behavioral problems and parental stress are associated with the resultant sleep deprivation. Behavioral interventions, parental education, and melatonin are effective treatments. The epidemiology of sleep disturbances in youth with ASD is reviewed in this article as well as the latest in treatments. (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - November 20, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kyle P. Johnson, Paria Zarrinnegar Source Type: research

Sleep Disorders in Children and Adolescents
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - November 20, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Argelinda Baroni, Jessica R. Lunsford-Avery Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - November 20, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Contributors
TODD E. PETERS, MD, FAPA (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - November 20, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Contents
Jessica R. Lunsford-Avery and Argelinda Baroni (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - November 20, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Emotion Dysregulation in Children: Part I (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - November 20, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Pediatric Insomnia
This article is the result of a comprehensive literature review and serves as a guide to the disorder and how it presents differently across child development. (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - October 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Madeline Himelfarb, Jess P. Shatkin Source Type: research

The Parasomnias
Parasomnias usually present in childhood and resolve spontaneously. The diagnosis of non –rapid eye movement–related parasomnias is mainly based on clinical descriptors and can be challenging. Rapid eye movement–related parasomnias may index an underlying psychiatric disorder. Even if benign, parasomnias can affect quality of life. Pediatricians and child psychiatrists should be f amiliarized with these sleep disorders and suggest adequate sleep hygiene, avoidance of sleep deprivation, and regular bedtimes even on weekends as the first step in management of these disorders. Clinicians should pursue the opportunity fo...
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - October 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Oliviero Bruni, Lourdes M. DelRosso, Maria Grazia Melegari, Raffaele Ferri Source Type: research

When Night Falls Fast
Sleep disturbances have been linked to suicidal ideation and behaviors in adolescents. Specifically, insomnia and nightmares are associated with current suicide risk and predict future ideation. Associations between hypersomnia, sleep apnea, and suicide remain inconclusive. Potential biological mechanisms underlying these relationships include executive functioning deficits and hyperarousal. Related psychological factors may include thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and negative appraisals. Assessing suicide risk in patients with sleep disturbances, and vice versa, is needed. Therapeutic interventions such ...
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - October 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sara N. Fernandes, Emily Zuckerman, Regina Miranda, Argelinda Baroni Source Type: research

Restless Legs Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
This article reviews the presentation of RLS and restless sleep, the association with psychiatric comorbidities, and treatment options. (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - October 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lourdes M. DelRosso, Maria Paola Mogavero, Argelinda Baroni, Oliviero Bruni, Raffaele Ferri Source Type: research

Medications Used for Pediatric Insomnia
Pediatric insomnia can affect physical and mental health and cause cognitive deficits, social deficits and decrease quality of life. There are no Food and Drug Administration approved medications approved for pediatric insomnia. Pharmacologic interventions derive mostly from adult data or pediatric case reports. This review focuses on Food and Drug Administration approved prescription drugs (in adults), over-the-counter drugs, and off-label pediatric insomnia drugs. This review helps the clinician learn general principles, practice guidelines, and pharmacologic considerations for medication selection in the pediatric popul...
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - October 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Vijayabharathi Ekambaram, Judith Owens Source Type: research

Afraid and Awake
Traumatic experiences and sleep disturbances are both common in children and adolescents. Because of the reciprocal relationship between sleep complaints and trauma, a mental health evaluation should include not only an assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and other trauma symptoms but also a specific evaluation of sleep-related complaints. Similarly, if a history of both trauma and sleep complaints is identified, an effective trauma-informed intervention, whether psychological, psychopharmacologic, or a combination of the two, should directly address sleep issues. (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - October 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Veronica Fellman, Patrick J. Heppell, Suchet Rao Source Type: research

Sleep and Mood Disorders Among Youth
This article reviews the literature on mood disorders and sleep disorders among children and adolescents. Research suggests that sleep plays an important role in the development, progression, and maintenance of mood disorder symptoms among children and adolescents. Sleep problems as early as maternal perinatal insomnia may predict and predate depression among youth. Children and adolescents who develop comorbid mood disorders and sleep problems represent a particularly high-risk group with more severe mood episode symptoms, higher rates of self-harm and suicidality, and less responsivity to treatment. Treatment research su...
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - October 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lauren D. Asarnow, Riya Mirchandaney Source Type: research

Sleep-Related Problems and Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
The objective of this review was to summarize the relevant clinical research literature as it pertains to the nature of the association between sleep-related problems and youth anxiety, developmental factors relevant to this association, and intervention efforts to target comorbid sleep challenges and anxiety. Limitations of the literature and future directions are discussed. (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - October 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Katherine Crowe, Carolyn Spiro-Levitt Source Type: research

Screening and Evaluation of Sleep Disturbances and Sleep Disorders in Children and Adolescents
We present specific, validated screening and evaluation tools to identify sleep disturbances and sleep disorders in children/adolescents. We offer guidance related to the use of consumer wearables for sleep assessments and use of sleep telemedicine in pediatric mental health and primary care clinics. (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America - October 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Suman K.R. Baddam, Craig A. Canapari, Jenna Van de Grift, Christopher McGirr, Alexandra Y. Nasser, Michael J. Crowley Source Type: research