Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve subclinical hypothyroidism by immunocompetence mediating apoptosis inhibition on thyroid cells in aged mice
This study was designed to investigate whether human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) could effect on immune regulation, apoptosis inhibition of thyroid cells, thyroid function, blood lipid levels, and heart function. In addition, qualified hAMSCs were intravenously injected into aged female SCH mice via the tail vein on day 0 and day 10. The levels of thyroid hormone and blood lipids as well as cardiac function, serum immunological indexes, and apoptosis of thyroid cells were then analyzed on day 5, 10, 15, and 20; meanwhile, the quantity of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg immune cells in peripheral blood was evalua...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 12, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Tooth-derived stem cells integrated biomaterials for bone and dental tissue engineering
AbstractRecent years have seen the emergence of tissue engineering strategies as a means to overcome some of the limits of conventional medical treatment. A biomaterial with tailored physio-chemical characteristics is used in this sophisticated method to transport stem cells and growth factors/bioactive substances, or to attract local endogenous cells, enabling new tissue formation. Biomaterials might serve as a biomimetic structure inspired by the natural milieu, assisting the cells in establishing their natural relationships. Such a method would benefit from having ready access to an abundant reservoir of stem cells with...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 7, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Discovery of a novel marker for human granulocytes and tissue macrophages: RTL1 revisited
AbstractHere, retrotransposon-like 1 (RTL1) is introduced as a marker for circulating and tissue neutrophils, tissue macrophages, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and neutrophils (TAN). Anti-RTL1 polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were produced, and their reactivity was examined by Western blotting (WB), ELISA, and immunostaining of human normal and cancer tissues. The reactivity of the anti-RTL1 antibodies with peripheral blood leukocytes and a panel of hematopoietic cell lines was examined. The generated antibodies specifically detected RTL1 in the WB of the placenta and U937 cells. The polyclonal antibody showed...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 3, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Higher ratios of chondrocyte to mesenchymal stem cells elevate the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles harvested from chondrocyte/mesenchymal stem cell co-culture on osteoarthritis in a rat model
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) may have a key therapeutic role and offer an innovative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). Studies have shown that ratio of MSC/chondrocyte could affect their therapeutic outcomes. Here, we investigate the chondrogenic potential and therapeutic effect of EVs derived from MSCs and chondrocytes in the na ïve, chondrogenically primed, and co-culture states to treat OA. EVs are isolated from naïve MSCs (M-EV), chondrogenically primed MSCs (cpM-EV), chondrocytes (C-EV), and co-cultures of chondrocytes plus MSCs at ratios of 1:1 (C/M-EV), 2:1 (2C/M-EV), and 4:1 (4C/M-EV). We characterized t...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 1, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Evidence for RA-dependent meiosis onset in a turtle embryo
In this study, we present the molecular analysis of meiosis onset and the role of retinoic acid (RA) in this process in the red-eared slider turtle. Our results usingStra8 as a pre-meiosis indicator show that in the female embryonic gonad, meiosis commitment starts around stage 19. Additionally, signals of the meiosis markerSycp3 could be detected at stage 19 and become highly expressed by stage 23. No expression of these genes was detected in male embryonic gonads, suggesting the entry into meiosis prophase I was restricted to female embryonic germ cells. Notably, RA activity in fetal gonads is likely to be elevated in fe...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - August 1, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
The benefits and pitfalls of machine learning for biomarker discovery
AbstractProspects for the discovery of robust and reproducible biomarkers have improved considerably with the development of sensitive omics platforms that can enable measurement of biological molecules at an unprecedented scale. With technical barriers to success lowering, the challenge is now moving into the analytical domain. Genome-wide discovery presents a problem of scale and multiple testing as standard statistical methods struggle to distinguish signal from noise in increasingly complex biological systems. Machine learning and AI methods are good at finding answers in large datasets, but they have a tendency to ove...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 27, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Exosomal microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs: as novel biomarkers for endometriosis
AbstractEndometriosis is a gynecological inflammatory disorder characterized by the development of endometrial-like cells outside the uterine cavity. This disease is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations, such as debilitating pelvic pain and infertility issues. Endometriosis diagnosis is not easily discovered by ultrasound or clinical examination. Indeed, difficulties in noninvasive endometriosis diagnosis delay the confirmation and management of the disorder, increase symptoms, and place a significant medical and financial burden on patients. So, identifying specific and sensitive biomarkers for this dise...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Zebrafish pancreatic β cell clusters undergo stepwise regeneration using Neurod1-expressing cells from different cell lineages
AbstractPancreatic β cell clusters produce insulin and play a central role in glucose homeostasis. The regenerative capacity of mammalian β cells is limited and the loss of β cells causes diabetes. In contrast, zebrafish β cell clusters have a high regenerative capacity, making them an attractive model to study β cell cluster regeneration. How zebrafish β cell clusters regenerate, when the regeneration process is complete, and the identification of the cellular source of regeneration are fundamental questions that require investigation. Here, using larval and adult zebrafish, we demonstrate that pancreatic β cell cl...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 21, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Identification of the zebrafish homologues of IMPG2, a retinal proteoglycan
AbstractPhotoreceptor outer segments are surrounded by a carbohydrate-rich matrix, the interphotoreceptor matrix, necessary for physiological retinal function. Few roles for molecules characterizing the interphotoreceptor matrix have been clearly defined. Recent studies have found the presence of nonsense mutations in the interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2 (IMPG2) gene in patients affected by retinal dystrophies.IMPG2 encodes for a proteoglycan synthesized by photoreceptors and secreted in the interphotoreceptor matrix. Little is known about the structure and function of this protein, we thus decided to characterize ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 20, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Regeneration in calcareous sponge relies on ‘purse-string’ mechanism and the rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton
AbstractThe crucial step in any regeneration process is epithelization, i.e. the restoration of an epithelium structural and functional integrity. Epithelization requires cytoskeletal rearrangements, primarily of actin filaments and microtubules. Sponges (phylum Porifera) are early branching metazoans with pronounced regenerative abilities. Calcareous sponges have a unique step during regenerat ion: the formation of a temporary structure, called regenerative membrane which initially covers a wound. It forms due to the morphallactic rearrangements of exopinaco- and choanoderm epithelial-like layers. The current study qu...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 19, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Local coordination of epithelial planar polarity in the maintenance and regeneration of the adult rat airway
AbstractThe maintenance of planar polarity in airway multiciliated cells (MCCs) has been poorly characterized. We recently reported that the direction of ciliary beating in a surgically inverted tracheal segment remained inverted beyond the time required for the turnover of cells, without adjustment to global distal-to-proximal polarity. We hypothesized that the local maintenance of tissue-level polarity occurs via locally reproduced cells. To provide further insight regarding this hypothetical property, we performed allotransplantation of an inverted tracheal segment between wild-type (donor) and tdTomato-expressing (host...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Influence of type 2 diabetes and obesity on adipose mesenchymal stem/stromal cell immunoregulation
AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D), associated with obesity, represents a state of metabolic inflammation and oxidative stress leading to insulin resistance and progressive insulin deficiency. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells identified within the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. These cells can regulate the immune system and possess anti-inflammatory properties. ASCs are a potential therapeutic modality for inflammatory diseases including T2D. Patient-derived (autologous) rather than allogeneic ASCs may be a relatively safer approach in clinical perspectives, to avoid occas...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
High fat diet induces brain injury and neuronal apoptosis via down-regulating 3- β hydroxycholesterol 24 reductase (DHCR24)
In this study, hyperlipidemic mouse model was established to study the effect of high blood lipid on brain. The dat a obtained from HPLC analysis demonstrated that the cholesterol level in the brain of mice with hyperlipidemia was significantly elevated compared to the control group. While the pathological damages were observed in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the brain of hyperlipidemic mice. Furthermo re, the protein level of DHCR24 was downregulated accompanied by elevated ubiquitination level in the hyperlipidemic mice brain. The mouse neuroblastoma cells N2a were exposed to the excess cholesterol loading, th...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 17, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Correction to: Role of Neurokinin B in gametogenesis and steroidogenesis of freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus
(Source: Cell and Tissue Research)
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 17, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
CD34 Protein: Its expression and function in inflammation
AbstractCD34 has spear-headed the field of basic research and clinical transplantation since the first reports of its expression on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Expressed in mice, humans, rats and other species, CD34 has been used for more than 40 years as a hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell marker. It was later found that muscle satellite cells and epidermal precursors can also be identified with the aid of CD34. Despite the usefulness of CD34 as a marker of HSCs, its overall purpose in animal physiology has remained unclear. This rev iew recaptures CD34 structure, evolutionary conservation, proposed functions,...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - July 14, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
