Electron microscopic analysis of the influence of iPSC-derived motor neurons on bioengineered human skeletal muscle tissues
In this study, we present foundational work on 3D cultured muscle ultrastructure, with and without motor neurons, which is enabled by the development of a new co-culture platform. Our re sults show that tissues from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients are poorly organized compared to tissues grown from healthy donor and that the presence of motor neurons invariably improves sarcomere organization. Electron micrographs show that in the presence of motor neurons, filament directional ity, banding patterns, z-disc continuity, and the appearance of presumptive SSR and T-tubule profiles all improve in healthy, DMD-, and iPSC-...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - February 8, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Dynamic changes in endoplasmic reticulum morphology and its contact with the plasma membrane in motor neurons in response to nerve injury
In this study, the focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) analysis was performed to explore the ultra-structures of the ER in the somata of motor neuron with axon regenerative injury models. In normal motor neurons, ER in the somata is abundantly localised near the perinucleus and represents lamella-like structures. After injury, analysis of the ER volume and ER branching points indicated a collapse of the normal distribution and a transformation from lamella-like structures to mesh-like structures. Furthermore, accompanied by ER accumulation near the plasma membrane (PM), the contact between the ER and PM...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - February 5, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Structure of putative epidermal sensory receptors in an acoel flatworm, Praesagittifera naikaiensis
We examined the three-dimensional relationship between epidermal sensory receptors and their innervation in an acoel flatworm,Praesagittifera naikaiensis. The distribution of the sensory receptors was different between the ventral and dorsal sides of worms. The nervous system was mainly composed of a peripheral nerve net, an anterior brain, and three pairs of longitudinal nerve cords. The nerve net was located closer to the body surface than the brain and the nerve cords. The sensory receptors have neural connections with the nerve net in the entire body of worms. We identified five homologs of polycystic kidney disease (P...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - February 2, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Suppression of MALAT1 promotes human synovial mesenchymal stem cells enhance chondrogenic differentiation and prevent osteoarthritis of the knee in a rat model via regulating miR-212-5p/MyD88 axis
In conclusion, the promoti on of chondrogenic differentiation in hSMSCs and the protective effect on cartilage tissue in OA can be achieved by suppressing MALAT1, which regulates the miR-212-5p/MyD88 axis. (Source: Cell and Tissue Research)
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - January 31, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Acknowledgement to reviewers
(Source: Cell and Tissue Research)
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - January 25, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Rheb1 is required for limb growth through regulating chondrogenesis in growth plate
AbstractRas homology enriched in the brain (Rheb) is well established as a critical regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation in response to growth factors and nutrients. However, the role of Rheb1 in limb development remains unknown. Here, we found that Rheb1 was dynamically expressed during the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plate. Given that Prrx1+ limb-bud-like mesenchymal cells are the source of limb chondrocytes and are essential for endochondral ossification, we conditionally deletedRheb1 usingPrrx1-Cre and found a limb dwarfism inPrrx1-Cre; Rheb1fl/fl mice. Normalized to g...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - January 23, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Human mesenchymal stem cell secretomes: Factors affecting profiling and challenges in clinical application
AbstractThe promising field of regenerative medicine is thrilling as it can repair and restore organs for various debilitating diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells are one of the main components in regenerative medicine that work through the release of secretomes. By adopting the use of the secretome in cell-free-based therapy, we may be able to address the challenges faced in cell-based therapy. As one of the components of cell-free-based therapy, secretome has the advantage of a better safety and efficacy profile than mesenchymal stem cells. However, secretome has its challenges that need to be addressed, such as its bioproc...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - January 20, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Localization of nitric oxide –producing hemocytes in Aedes and Culex mosquitoes infected with bacteria
This study conducted a parallel comparison of NO synthase (NOS) expression and NO production in hemocytes duringEscherichia coli K12 infection in four vector species:Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopictus,Culex pipiens molestus, andCulex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Increased NOS expression by NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) staining and NO production by immunofluorescence against the by-product L-citrulline were observed in infected mosquito hemocytes distributed throughout the abdomens. NADPHd activity and citrulline labeling were particularly found in periostial hemocytes near the heart, but also on the ventral nerve chord (VNC). Perica...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - January 19, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Yap/Taz activity is associated with increased expression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase that supports myoblast proliferation
AbstractIn skeletal muscle, the Hippo effector Yap promotes satellite cell, myoblast, and rhabdomyoblast proliferation but prevents myogenic differentiation into multinucleated muscle fibres. We previously noted that Yap drives expression of the first enzyme of the serine biosynthesis pathway, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh). Here, we examined the regulation and function of Phgdh in satellite cells and myoblasts and found that Phgdh protein increased during satellite cell activation. Analysis of published data reveal thatPhgdh mRNA in mouse tibialis anterior muscle was highly expressed at day 3 of regeneration aft...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - January 6, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
METTL3 promotes microglial inflammation via MEF2C in spinal cord injury
AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant contributor to disability in contemporary society, resulting in substantial psychological and economic burdens for patients and their family. Microglia-mediated inflammation is an important factor affecting the nerve repair of SCI patients. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent epigenetic modification in mammals, which shows a strong association with inflammation. However, the mechanism of m6A modification regulating microglia-mediated inflammation is still unclear. Here, we observed that METTL3, a m6A methylase, was increased in SCI mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-expo...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - January 5, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Correction to: Cellular heterogeneity in red and melanized focal muscle changes in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) visualized by spatial transcriptomics
(Source: Cell and Tissue Research)
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - December 30, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Wharton ’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for critical limb ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary report of phase I clinical trial
In conclusion, allogeneic WJ-MSC transplantation in patients with CLI seems to be safe and effective. (Source: Cell and Tissue Research)
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - December 19, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Current methods for the microglia isolation: Overview and comparative analysis of approaches
AbstractMicroglia represent a distinct population of neuroglia, constituting ~ 10% of all CNS cells and exhibit high plasticity. Proper functioning of microglia is critical in the event of CNS damage due to the rapid modulation of their functions. Microglia are not only the first stage of immune defense against injury and infection, contributing to both the innate and a daptive local immune response, but also play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis of the brain and spinal cord. For this reason, microglia deserve special attention in the study of neuropathological responses. Studying microglia behavior in various ...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - December 15, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Cellular heterogeneity in red and melanized focal muscle changes in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) visualized by spatial transcriptomics
AbstractSpatial transcriptomics is a technique that provides insight into gene expression profiles in tissue sections while retaining structural information. We have employed this method to study the pathological conditions related to red and melanized focal changes in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Our findings support a model where similar molecular mechanisms are involved in both red and melanized filet discolorations and genes associated with several relevant pathways show distinct expression patterns in both sample types. Interestingly, there appears to be significant cellular heterogeneity in the foci investig...
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - December 13, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Adropin, a novel hepatokine: localization and expression during postnatal development and its impact on testicular functions of pre-pubertal mice
In conclusion, adropin promotes steroidogenesis, germ cell survival, as well as the proliferation in the pre-pubertal mouse testis that may hasten the pubertal transition in an autocrine/paracrine manner. (Source: Cell and Tissue Research)
Source: Cell and Tissue Research - December 13, 2023 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
