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Compliance with infection prevention and control standard precautions and factors associated with noncompliance among healthcare workers working in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
ConclusionCompliance with IPC standard precautions of HCWs in public hospitals of Addis Ababa is suboptimal. Working in medical units, less work experience, lack of training, poor knowledge, absence of a mechanism to enforce adherence, and inadequate resources are independent predictors for non-compliance of the HCWs. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - March 13, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Uncovering the spread of drug-resistant bacteria through next-generation sequencing based surveillance: transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales by a contaminated duodenoscope
This study highlights the importance of using NGS to monitor the transmission of MDROs and demonstrates that standard cultures may fail to detect contaminated medical equipment such as duodenoscopes. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - March 8, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Resident-, prescriber-, and facility-level factors associated with antibiotic use in long-term care facilities: a systematic review of quantitative studies
ConclusionsImproving infection prevention and control, and diagnostic practices as part of antimicrobial stewardship programmes remain critical steps to reduce antibiotic prescribing in LTCFs. Once results confirmed by further studies, implementing institutional changes to limit staff turnover, ensure the presence of a professional accountable for the antimicrobial stewardship activities, and improve collaboration between LTCFs and external prescribers may contribute to reduce antibiotic prescribing. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - March 6, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Automated surveillance of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP): a systematic literature review
ConclusionsRecent years have seen a steep increase in publications on automated surveillance systems for nvHAP and HAP, which increase efficiency and reduce manual workload. However, the performance of fully automated surveillance remains moderate when compared to manual surveillance. The considerable heterogeneity in candidate surveillance definitions and reference standards, as well as validation on small or pre-selected samples, limits the generalisability of the findings. Further research, involving larger and broader patient populations is required to better understand the performance and applicability of automated nv...
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - March 6, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Emergence and clonal expansion of Aeromonas hydrophila ST1172 that simultaneously produces MOX-13 and OXA-724
ConclusionsOur study validated the transmission of a novel carbapenem-resistantA. hydrophila sequence type (ST1172) in patients that underwent spine surgery. Control measures should be developed to prevent dissemination ofA. hydrophila in the hospital setting. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - March 3, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Updates and future directions regarding hand hygiene in the healthcare setting: insights from the 3rd ICPIC alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) task force
AbstractHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose threats to global health. Effective hand hygiene is essential for preventing HAIs and the spread of AMR in healthcare. We aimed to highlight the recent progress and future directions in hand hygiene and alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) use in the healthcare setting. In September 2023, 42 experts in infection prevention and control (IPC) convened at the 3rd International Conference on Prevention and Infection Control (ICPIC) ABHR Taskforce in Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of this meeting was to provide a synthesis of recent evidence and f...
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 29, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Comparison of disease and economic burden between MRSA infection and MRSA colonization in a university hospital: a retrospective data integration study
ConclusionsMRSA infection was associated with longer length of stay and higher hospital charges than both MSSA infection and MRSA colonization. Furthermore, hemodialysis or hemofiltration was identified as a common underlying factor contributing to increased length of stay and hospital charges. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 29, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Prevalence of colistin resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionsThis meta-analysis found a low prevalence of colistin resistance amongA. baumannii isolates responsible for infections worldwide from 2000 to 2023. However, there is a high prevalence of colistin-resistant isolates in certain countries. This implies an urgent public health threat, as colistin is one of the last antibiotics available for the treatment of infections caused by XDR strains ofA. baumannii. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 28, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Systematic scoping review of automated systems for the surveillance of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections related to intravascular catheters
ConclusionThe automated surveillance systems that we identified were heterogeneous in terms of definitions, datasets and denominators used, with a combination of rules in each algorithm. Further guidelines and studies are needed to develop and implement algorithms to detect CLABSI/CRBSI, with standardized definitions, appropriate data sources and suitable denominators. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 28, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The combined application of hand hygiene and non-sterile gloves by nurses in a tertiary hospital: a multi methods study
ConclusionsThe combined correct application with HH and NSG measures by nurses is low. Nurses are instructed in a fragmented way while in the day to day care HH and NSG use are highly intertwined. Operationalization and simplification of infection prevention protocols, in which instructions on both infection prevention measures are fused, should be considered. Strategies to improve practice should consider the power of habit and nurses urge to self-protect. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 28, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The prevalence and clinical context of antimicrobial resistance amongst medical inpatients at a referral hospital in Rwanda: a cohort study
ConclusionsThis cohort highlights high rates of resistance amongst Gram-negative organisms in Rwanda, including the presence of carbapenem resistance. Nonetheless, the detailed prescribing data also highlight the challenges of using routine laboratory data to infer broader AMR prevalence. The significant exposure to empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy prior to culturing introduces a selection bias and risks over-estimating the burden of resistant organisms. Broadening access to microbiological services and active surveillance outside of teaching hospitals are essential to support national and international efforts to...
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 22, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Prevalence, regional distribution, and trends of antimicrobial resistance among female outpatients with urine Klebsiella spp. isolates: a multicenter evaluation in the United States between 2011 and 2019
ConclusionsThere is a high antimicrobial resistance prevalence and increasing antimicrobial resistance trends amongK.  pneumoniae isolates from female outpatients in the United States with presumed uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Awareness ofK. pneumoniae antimicrobial resistance helps to optimize empiric uncomplicated urinary tract infection treatment. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 14, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Introduction and spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) at a German tertiary care medical center from 2004 until 2010: a retrospective whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study of the molecular epidemiology of VREfm
ConclusionsThis retrospective study contributes significant knowledge about regional VREfm epidemiology from this early VREfm period in Germany. One remarkable finding is the striking dominance ofvanB-positive VREfm isolates over the entire study period, which is in contrast with countrywide data. Analysis of cgMLST shows the transition from sporadic VRE cases at our institution to a sharp increase in VRE numbers triggered by oligoclonal spread and specific outbreak clusters with the dominance of ST192 and ST17. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 14, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

On the onset and dispersal of a major MDR TB clone among HIV-negative patients, Tunisia
ConclusionsWGS allowed refining our understanding of the emergence and evolution of the largest MDR TB outbreak in Tunisia, whose causative strain has been circulating silently for almost 26  years before. Our study lends further support to the critical role of prisons-related cases in the early spread of the outbreak among the general population. The shift to an XDR phenotype of such an epidemic clone prompts an urgent need to undertake drastic control measures. (Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control)
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 14, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Closing the antimicrobial stewardship gap - a call for LMICs to embrace the global antimicrobial stewardship accreditation scheme
This article highlights the critical importance of tackling AMR in LMICs by adopting the Global Antimicrobial Stewardship Accreditation Scheme (GAMSAS). GAMSAS is portrayed as a holistic and sustainable strategy for antimicrobial stewardship, extending beyond accreditation to include educational programs, capacity enhancement, improved surveillance, and support for AMS policy research. While acknowledging the global uptake of the scheme, the article highlights its preliminary phase of adoption in LMICs, particularly in high-AMR burden regions like Sub-Saharan Africa. The piece stresses the imperative for LMICs to integrate...
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - February 14, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research